python保存文件的几种方式「建议收藏」

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

当我们获取到一些数据时，例如使用爬虫将网上的数据抓取下来时，应该怎么把数据保存为不同格式的文件呢？下面会分别介绍用python保存为 txt、csv、excel甚至保存到mongodb数据库中文件的方法。

保存为txt文件

首先我们模拟数据是使用爬虫抓取下来的， 抓取的下来的数据大致就是这样的

下面使用代码保存为txt文件

import requests
from lxml import etree


url = 'https://ke.qq.com/course/list/?mt=1001'
headers = { 
   "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
                         "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"}
# 获取放回的html源代码字符串
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text


def save_txt():  # 保存为txt文件
    f = open("./ke.txt", "w", encoding="utf8")
    # 抓取文章目录和标题
    html = etree.HTML(response)
    li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
    for li in li_list:
        title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
        href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
        href = "https:" + href
        f.write(f'{title}-->{href}\n')
    f.close()
save_txt()

运行程序，效果图如下

保存为csv文件格式

代码如下

import requests
from lxml import etree
import csv

url = 'https://ke.qq.com/course/list/?mt=1001'
headers = { 
   "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
                         "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"}
# 获取放回的html源代码字符串
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text

def save_csv():  # 保存为csv文件
    with open("ke.csv", "w", encoding="utf8", newline='') as f:
        header = ["title", "href"]
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, header)  # 创建字典writer
        writer.writeheader()
        # 抓取文章目录和标题
        html = etree.HTML(response)
        li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
        for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
            title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
            href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
            href = "https:" + href
            item = { 
   "title": title, "href": href}
            print(item)
            writer.writerow(item)
        print("保存成功...")

save_csv()

运行程序，文件会存储再当前目录下。

存储为excel文件

代码如下：

import requests
from lxml import etree
import openpyxl

url = 'https://ke.qq.com/course/list/?mt=1001'
headers = { 
   "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
                         "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"}
# 获取放回的html源代码字符串
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text
def save_excel():  # 保存为excel文件
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()  # 创建工作铺
    ws = wb.active  # 创建工作表
    # 写入表头
    ws["A1"] = "课程标题"
    ws["B1"] = "课堂链接"

    # 抓取文章目录和标题
    html = etree.HTML(response)
    li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
    for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
        title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
        href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
        href = "https:" + href
        ws.cell(row=i+2, column=1, value=title)  # 写入行，列所对应的值
        ws.cell(row=i+2, column=2, value=href)
    wb.save("./QQ课堂.xlsx")


save_excel()

运行程序，打开文件

保存在mongodb数据库中

代码如下

import requests
import pymongo
from lxml import etree
def save_mongo():  # 将数据存储到monggodb数据库
    client = pymongo.MongoClient()  # 连接数据库
    db = client["ke"]  # 创建数据库
    collection = db["ke_content"]
    items = []
    html = etree.HTML(response)
    li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
    for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
        title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
        href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
        href = "https:" + href
        item = { 
   "title": title, "href": href}
        items.append(item)  # 将每个item添加到items列表中
    collection.insert_many(items)  # 插入多条数据
    for content in collection.find():  # 查看数据库中的数据
        print(content)

运行代码，可以在终端中查看数据库中的内容

也可以直接进入数据库中查看，打开终端，进入数据库。查看即可

小结

最后把所有代码整理一遍，大家只需要按需所用即可，只需要修改部分代码就好了。

import pymongo
import requests
from lxml import etree
import openpyxl  # 保存为excel文件
import csv  # 保存为csv文件
url = 'https://ke.qq.com/course/list/?mt=1001'
headers = { 
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) "
"AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"}
# 获取放回的html源代码字符串
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers).text
def save_txt():  # 保存为txt文件
f = open("./ke.txt", "w", encoding="utf8")
# 抓取文章目录和标题
html = etree.HTML(response)
li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
for li in li_list:
title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
href = "https:" + href
f.write(f'{title}-->{href}\n')
f.close()
def save_csv():  # 保存为csv文件
with open("ke.csv", "w", encoding="utf8", newline='') as f:
header = ["title", "href"]
writer = csv.DictWriter(f, header)
writer.writeheader()
# 抓取文章目录和标题
html = etree.HTML(response)
li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
href = "https:" + href
item = { 
"title": title, "href": href}
print(item)
writer.writerow(item)
print("保存成功...")
def save_excel():  # 保存为excel文件
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()  # 创建工作铺
ws = wb.active  # 创建工作表
# 写入表头
ws["A1"] = "课程标题"
ws["B1"] = "课堂链接"
# 抓取文章目录和标题
html = etree.HTML(response)
li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
href = "https:" + href
ws.cell(row=i+2, column=1, value=title)  # 写入行，列所对应的值
ws.cell(row=i+2, column=2, value=href)
wb.save("./QQ课堂.xlsx")
print("保存成功")
def save_mongo():  # 将数据存储到monggodb数据库
client = pymongo.MongoClient()  # 连接数据库
db = client["ke"]  # 创建数据库
collection = db["ke_content"]
items = []
html = etree.HTML(response)
li_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="course-card-list"]/li')
for i, li in enumerate(li_list):  # 获取索引和值
title = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@title')[0]
href = li.xpath('.//a[@class="item-tt-link"]/@href')[0]
href = "https:" + href
item = { 
"title": title, "href": href}
items.append(item)
collection.insert_many(items)  # 插入多条数据
for content in collection.find():  # 遍历在这个集合中的数据
print(content)
if __name__ == '__main__':
save_mongo()  # 调用相应的方法即可

如果有什么不足之处请指出，我会加以改进，共同进步！