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注意：feof判断文件结束是通过读取函数fread/fscanf等返回错误来识别的，故而判断文件是否结束应该是在读取函数之后进行判断。比如，在while循环读取一个文件时，如果是在读取函数之前进行判断，则如果文件最后一行是空白行，可能会造成内存错误。
https://blog.csdn.net/Chauncey_wu/article/details/90289749
1.打开文件
integer file_id;
file_id = fopen(“file_path/file_name”);
2.写入文件：$fmonitor,$fwrite,$fdisplay,$fstrobe
//$fmonitor只要有变化就一直记录
$fmonitor(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
$fmonitor(file_id, “%m: %t in1=%d o1=%h”, $time, in1, o1);
//$fwrite需要触发条件才记录
$fwrite(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
//$fdisplay需要触发条件才记录
$fdisplay(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
$fstrobe();
3.读取文件：$fread
integer file_id;
file_id = $fread(“file_path/file_name”, “r”);
4.关闭文件：$fclose
$fclose(fjile_id);
5.由文件设定存储器初值：$readmemh，$readmemb
$readmemh(“file_name”, memory_name”); //初始化数据为十六进制
$readmemb(“file_name”, memory_name”); //初始化数据为二进制
6、文件显示：$monitor,$write，$display
$display,$write用于输出信息
$display(“rvel = %h hex %d decimal”,rvel,rvel);
$monitor($time, ,”rxd = %b txd = %b”,rxd ,txd)
6、文件定位
$fseek，文件定位，可以从任意点对文件进行操作；
$fscanf，对文件一行进行读写。
7、退出仿真器$finish
8、随机数据产生：$random
-
下面是一些常见的应用： -
1、读写文件 -
`timescale 1 ns/1 ns -
module FileIO_tb; -
integer fp_r, fp_w, cnt; -
reg [7:0] reg1, reg2, reg3; -
initial begin -
fp_r = $fopen("data_in.txt", "r"); -
fp_w = $fopen("data_out.txt", "w"); -
while(!$feof(fp_r)) begin -
cnt = $fscanf(fp_r, "%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3); -
$display("%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3); -
$fwrite(fp_w, "%d %d %d\n", reg3, reg2, reg1); -
end -
$fclose(fp_r); -
$fclose(fp_w); -
end -
endmodule -
2、 -
integer file, char; -
reg eof; -
initial begin -
file = $fopenr("myfile.txt"); -
eof = 0; -
while (eof == 0) begin -
char = $fgetc(file); -
eof = $feof (file); -
$display ("%s", char); -
end -
end -
3、文件处理定位 -
`define SEEK_SET 0 -
`define SEEK_CUR 1 -
`define SEEK_END 2 -
integer file, offset, position, r; -
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_SET); -
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_CUR); -
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_END); -
r = $fseek(file, position, `SEEK_SET); -
4、 -
integer r, file, start, count; -
reg [15:0] mem[0:10], r16; -
r = $fread(file, mem[0], start, count); -
r = $fread(file, r16); -
5、 -
integer file, position; -
position = $ftell(file); -
6、 -
integer file, r, a, b; -
reg [80*8:1] string; -
file = $fopenw("output.log"); -
r = $sformat(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b); -
r = $sprintf(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b); -
r = $fprintf(file, "Formatted %d %x", a, b); -
7、 -
integer file, r; -
file = $fopenw("output.log"); -
r = $fflush(file); -
8、 -
// This is a pattern file - read_pattern.pat -
// time bin dec hex -
10: 001 1 1 -
20.0: 010 20 020 -
50.02: 111 5 FFF -
62.345: 100 4 DEADBEEF -
75.789: XXX 2 ZzZzZzZz -
`timescale 1ns / 10 ps -
`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF -
`define NULL 0 -
`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000 -
module read_pattern; -
integer file, c, r; -
reg [3:0] bin; -
reg [31:0] dec, hex; -
real real_time; -
reg [8*`MAX_LINE_LENGTH:0] line; -
initial -
begin : file_block -
$timeformat(-9, 3, "ns", 6); -
$display("time bin decimal hex"); -
file = $fopenr("read_pattern.pat"); -
if (file == `NULL) // If error opening file -
disable file_block; // Just quit -
c = $fgetc(file); -
while (c != `EOF) -
begin -
if (c == "/") -
r = $fgets(line, `MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file); -
else -
begin -
// Push the character back to the file then read the next time -
r = $ungetc(c, file); -
r = $fscanf(file," %f:\n", real_time); -
// Wait until the absolute time in the file, then read stimulus -
if ($realtime > real_time) -
$display("Error - absolute time in file is out of order - %t", -
real_time); -
else -
#(real_time - $realtime) -
r = $fscanf(file," %b %d %h\n",bin,dec,hex); -
end // if c else -
c = $fgetc(file); -
end // while not EOF -
r = $fcloser(file); -
end // initial -
// Display changes to the signals -
always @(bin or dec or hex) -
$display("%t %b %d %h", $realtime, bin, dec, hex); -
endmodule // read_pattern -
9、自动比较输出结果 -
`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF -
`define NULL 0 -
`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000 -
module compare; -
integer file, r; -
reg a, b, expect, clock; -
wire out; -
reg [`MAX_LINE_LENGTH*8:1]; -
parameter cycle = 20; -
initial -
begin : file_block -
$display("Time Stim Expect Output"); -
clock = 0; -
file = $fopenr("compare.pat"); -
if (file == `NULL) -
disable file_block; -
r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file); // Skip comments -
r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file); -
while (!$feof(file)) -
begin -
// Wait until rising clock, read stimulus -
@(posedge clock) -
r = $fscanf(file, " %b %b %b\n", a, b, expect); -
// Wait just before the end of cycle to do compare -
#(cycle - 1) -
$display("%d %b %b %b %b", $stime, a, b, expect, out); -
$strobe_compare(expect, out); -
end // while not EOF -
r = $fcloser(file); -
$stop; -
end // initial -
always #(cycle / 2) clock = !clock; // Clock generator -
and #4 (out, a, b); // Circuit under test -
endmodule // compare -
10、从文件中读数据到mem（这个好像一般人用的最多了） -
`define EOF 32'HFFFF_FFFF -
`define MEM_SIZE 200_000 -
module load_mem; -
integer file, i; -
reg [7:0] mem[0:`MEM_SIZE]; -
reg [80*8:1] file_name; -
initial -
begin -
file_name = "data.bin"; -
file = $fopenr(file_name); -
i = $fread(file, mem[0]); -
$display("Loaded %0d entries \n", i); -
i = $fcloser(file); -
$stop; -
end endmodule // load_mem
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