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注意:feof判断文件结束是通过读取函数fread/fscanf等返回错误来识别的,故而判断文件是否结束应该是在读取函数之后进行判断。比如,在while循环读取一个文件时,如果是在读取函数之前进行判断,则如果文件最后一行是空白行,可能会造成内存错误。
https://blog.csdn.net/Chauncey_wu/article/details/90289749
1.打开文件
integer file_id;
file_id = fopen(“file_path/file_name”);
2.写入文件:$fmonitor,$fwrite,$fdisplay,$fstrobe
//$fmonitor只要有变化就一直记录
$fmonitor(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
$fmonitor(file_id, “%m: %t in1=%d o1=%h”, $time, in1, o1);
//$fwrite需要触发条件才记录
$fwrite(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
//$fdisplay需要触发条件才记录
$fdisplay(file_id, “%format_char”, parameter);
$fstrobe();
3.读取文件:$fread
integer file_id;
file_id = $fread(“file_path/file_name”, “r”);
4.关闭文件:$fclose
$fclose(fjile_id);
5.由文件设定存储器初值:$readmemh,$readmemb
$readmemh(“file_name”, memory_name”); //初始化数据为十六进制
$readmemb(“file_name”, memory_name”); //初始化数据为二进制
6、文件显示:$monitor,$write,$display
$display,$write用于输出信息
$display(“rvel = %h hex %d decimal”,rvel,rvel);
$monitor($time, ,”rxd = %b txd = %b”,rxd ,txd)
6、文件定位
$fseek,文件定位,可以从任意点对文件进行操作;
$fscanf,对文件一行进行读写。
7、退出仿真器$finish
8、随机数据产生:$random
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下面是一些常见的应用:
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1、读写文件
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`timescale 1 ns/1 ns
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module FileIO_tb;
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integer fp_r, fp_w, cnt;
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reg [7:0] reg1, reg2, reg3;
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initial begin
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fp_r = $fopen("data_in.txt", "r");
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fp_w = $fopen("data_out.txt", "w");
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while(!$feof(fp_r)) begin
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cnt = $fscanf(fp_r, "%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3);
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$display("%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3);
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$fwrite(fp_w, "%d %d %d\n", reg3, reg2, reg1);
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end
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$fclose(fp_r);
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$fclose(fp_w);
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end
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endmodule
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2、
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integer file, char;
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reg eof;
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initial begin
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file = $fopenr("myfile.txt");
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eof = 0;
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while (eof == 0) begin
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char = $fgetc(file);
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eof = $feof (file);
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$display ("%s", char);
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end
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end
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3、文件处理定位
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`define SEEK_SET 0
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`define SEEK_CUR 1
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`define SEEK_END 2
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integer file, offset, position, r;
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r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_SET);
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r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_CUR);
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r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_END);
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r = $fseek(file, position, `SEEK_SET);
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4、
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integer r, file, start, count;
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reg [15:0] mem[0:10], r16;
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r = $fread(file, mem[0], start, count);
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r = $fread(file, r16);
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5、
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integer file, position;
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position = $ftell(file);
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6、
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integer file, r, a, b;
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reg [80*8:1] string;
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file = $fopenw("output.log");
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r = $sformat(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
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r = $sprintf(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
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r = $fprintf(file, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
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7、
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integer file, r;
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file = $fopenw("output.log");
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r = $fflush(file);
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8、
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// This is a pattern file - read_pattern.pat
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// time bin dec hex
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10: 001 1 1
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20.0: 010 20 020
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50.02: 111 5 FFF
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62.345: 100 4 DEADBEEF
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75.789: XXX 2 ZzZzZzZz
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`timescale 1ns / 10 ps
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`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF
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`define NULL 0
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`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000
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module read_pattern;
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integer file, c, r;
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reg [3:0] bin;
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reg [31:0] dec, hex;
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real real_time;
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reg [8*`MAX_LINE_LENGTH:0] line;
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initial
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begin : file_block
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$timeformat(-9, 3, "ns", 6);
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$display("time bin decimal hex");
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file = $fopenr("read_pattern.pat");
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if (file == `NULL) // If error opening file
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disable file_block; // Just quit
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c = $fgetc(file);
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while (c != `EOF)
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begin
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if (c == "/")
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r = $fgets(line, `MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file);
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else
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begin
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// Push the character back to the file then read the next time
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r = $ungetc(c, file);
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r = $fscanf(file," %f:\n", real_time);
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// Wait until the absolute time in the file, then read stimulus
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if ($realtime > real_time)
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$display("Error - absolute time in file is out of order - %t",
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real_time);
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else
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#(real_time - $realtime)
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r = $fscanf(file," %b %d %h\n",bin,dec,hex);
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end // if c else
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c = $fgetc(file);
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end // while not EOF
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r = $fcloser(file);
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end // initial
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// Display changes to the signals
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always @(bin or dec or hex)
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$display("%t %b %d %h", $realtime, bin, dec, hex);
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endmodule // read_pattern
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9、自动比较输出结果
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`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF
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`define NULL 0
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`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000
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module compare;
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integer file, r;
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reg a, b, expect, clock;
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wire out;
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reg [`MAX_LINE_LENGTH*8:1];
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parameter cycle = 20;
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initial
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begin : file_block
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$display("Time Stim Expect Output");
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clock = 0;
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file = $fopenr("compare.pat");
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if (file == `NULL)
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disable file_block;
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r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file); // Skip comments
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r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file);
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while (!$feof(file))
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begin
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// Wait until rising clock, read stimulus
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@(posedge clock)
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r = $fscanf(file, " %b %b %b\n", a, b, expect);
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// Wait just before the end of cycle to do compare
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#(cycle - 1)
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$display("%d %b %b %b %b", $stime, a, b, expect, out);
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$strobe_compare(expect, out);
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end // while not EOF
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r = $fcloser(file);
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$stop;
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end // initial
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always #(cycle / 2) clock = !clock; // Clock generator
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and #4 (out, a, b); // Circuit under test
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endmodule // compare
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10、从文件中读数据到mem(这个好像一般人用的最多了)
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`define EOF 32'HFFFF_FFFF
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`define MEM_SIZE 200_000
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module load_mem;
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integer file, i;
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reg [7:0] mem[0:`MEM_SIZE];
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reg [80*8:1] file_name;
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initial
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begin
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file_name = "data.bin";
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file = $fopenr(file_name);
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i = $fread(file, mem[0]);
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$display("Loaded %0d entries \n", i);
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i = $fcloser(file);
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$stop;
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end endmodule // load_mem
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