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0. 简介
CefSharp,简单来说就是一款.Net编写的浏览器包,方便你在Winform和WPF中内嵌的Chrome浏览器组件。它支持HTML5。
CefSharp的功能比较复杂,以下只介绍一些我觉得比较重要的并且目前经常用的功能。
1. 安装
CefSharp的安装过程如下:
- 打开Visual Stduio,新建一个Windows窗体应用(.NET Framework);
- 在“工具”菜单打开NuGet包管理器;
- 搜索“CefSharp.WinForms”进行安装;
- CefSharp不能在“Any CPU”平台上运行,需要配置。打开“配置管理器”;
- 新建“x86”和“x64”两个平台。从理论上来说使用x86或者x64平台都行,但由于之后要使用编译好的支持h264的x86内核,因此此处选择x86平台;
- 在 Form1.cs 中添加如下代码;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
public partial class Form1 : Form {
ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
public void InitBrowser() {
CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();
// Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
// Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
// for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
// String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";
// String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
String url = "http://www.html5test.com";
// Initialize cef with the provided settings
Cef.Initialize(settings);
// Create a browser component
browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);
// Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
this.Controls.Add(browser);
browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
// Allow the use of local resources in the browser
BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
}
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
InitBrowser();
}
}
}
- 调试程序,发现窗口有白边,原因是没有设置高分屏适配,按照C# WinForm程序设计的第1.3节的方法设置即可;
- 调试程序,得到最终效果。
2. H.264支持
默认情况下,CefSharp是不支持H.264的,因此不可以进行视频播放。为了使其支持视频播放,需要修改其内核文件,操作步骤如下:
注:请确保安装的CefSharp.WinForms是79.1.360版本的!
- 下载我的老师(感谢他!)编译好的支持H264的内核文件 libcef.dll ;
链接:下载地址
提取码:8q2u - 用其替换packages目录下的同名文件;
- 调试程序,查看效果。显然浏览器已支持H.264。
3. 加载本地HTML文件
除了使用CefSharp浏览器访问网络地址,还有一个重要的用途就是访问本地文件。
首先将需要用到的HTML和其他静态文件拷贝到工程目录,并设置“复制到输出目录”:
然后编写如下代码:
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
public partial class Form1 : Form {
ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
public void InitBrowser() {
CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();
// Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
// Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
// for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
// String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";
// String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);
if (!File.Exists(url)) {
MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
}
// Initialize cef with the provided settings
Cef.Initialize(settings);
// Create a browser component
browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);
// Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
this.Controls.Add(browser);
browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
// Allow the use of local resources in the browser
BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
}
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
InitBrowser();
}
}
}
调试程序,可以看到效果:
4. 多个窗口显示浏览器
如果有多个窗口都需要显示浏览器,每个窗口的代码并不完全相同。
主窗口的代码如上一节所示,新的窗口的代码如下:
using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System.IO;
namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
public partial class Form2 : Form {
ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
public void InitBrowser() {
String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);
if (!File.Exists(url)) {
MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
}
browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);
this.Controls.Add(browser);
browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
}
public Form2() {
InitializeComponent();
InitBrowser();
}
}
}
显然,与主窗口的区别是去掉了“Cef.Initialize()”部分。
运行效果如下:
5. 执行JavaScript代码
如果需要通过程序控制网页的显示、流程,最明显的方法莫过于执行JavaScript代码了。特别是如果使用Vue.js框架,那么通过JS可以实现“模板渲染”的功能。以下展示了一个示例。
注意:ExecuteScriptAsync()方法是异步执行的,程序并不会阻塞!
- 编辑HTML文件(Vue.js框架),增加函数接口;
<script> const vue = new Vue({
el: '#app', data: {
title: '标题1', }, }); function changeTitle(title) {
vue.title = title; } </script>
- 编写C#代码,请注意两处中文注释的部分;
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
public partial class Form1 : Form {
ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
public void InitBrowser() {
CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();
// Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
// Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
// for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
// String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";
// String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);
if (!File.Exists(url)) {
MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
}
// Initialize cef with the provided settings
Cef.Initialize(settings);
// Create a browser component
browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);
// Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
this.Controls.Add(browser);
browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
// Allow the use of local resources in the browser
BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
// 当页面加载完毕时,执行JavaScript代码
browser.ExecuteScriptAsyncWhenPageLoaded("changeTitle('我不是鸭鸭')");
}
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
InitBrowser();
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
// 当点击按钮时,执行JavaScript代码
browser.ExecuteScriptAsync("changeTitle('我是鸭鸭')");
}
}
}
- 调试程序,查看效果。
如果需要执行JavaScript代码并得到返回值,代码可以这么编写:
注意:EvaluateScriptAsync()方法是同步执行的,也就是程序会阻塞!
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) {
// 当点击按钮时,执行JavaScript代码
Task<JavascriptResponse> response = browser.EvaluateScriptAsync("add(1, 2)");
// response.Result.Result是Object类型
MessageBox.Show("返回值为:" + response.Result.Result);
}
JavaScript代码:
function add(a, b) {
for (var i = 0; i < 9999999999; ++i) {
;
}
return a + b;
}
6. 在JS中调用C#方法
在C#中编写如下代码:(注意中文注释的部分)
以下是同步执行的演示,即JS会阻塞等待C#执行完再继续执行。
using CefSharp;
using CefSharp.WinForms;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace WindowsFormsApp8 {
public partial class Form1 : Form {
ChromiumWebBrowser browser;
// 创建一个类,用于在JS中访问
public class JsEvent {
public void SayHello() {
MessageBox.Show("你好,C#!");
}
}
public void InitBrowser() {
CefSettings settings = new CefSettings();
// Note that if you get an error or a white screen, you may be doing something wrong !
// Try to load a local file that you're sure that exists and give the complete path instead to test
// for example, replace page with a direct path instead :
// String page = @"C:\Users\SDkCarlos\Desktop\afolder\index.html";
// String page = string.Format(@"{0}\html-resources\html\index.html", Application.StartupPath);
String url = string.Format(@"{0}\ui\test.html", Application.StartupPath);
if (!File.Exists(url)) {
MessageBox.Show("Error: File doesn't exists : " + url);
}
// Initialize cef with the provided settings
Cef.Initialize(settings);
// Create a browser component
browser = new ChromiumWebBrowser(url);
// Add it to the form and fill it to the form window.
this.Controls.Add(browser);
browser.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
// Allow the use of local resources in the browser
BrowserSettings browserSettings = new BrowserSettings();
browserSettings.FileAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browserSettings.UniversalAccessFromFileUrls = CefState.Enabled;
browser.BrowserSettings = browserSettings;
// 绑定JavaScript对象
CefSharpSettings.LegacyJavascriptBindingEnabled = true;
CefSharpSettings.WcfEnabled = true;
BindingOptions bindingOptions = new BindingOptions();
// 如果不加此句,那么绑定的方法不能以大写字母开头
bindingOptions.CamelCaseJavascriptNames = false;
browser.JavascriptObjectRepository.Register("jsObj", new JsEvent(), isAsync: false, options: bindingOptions);
}
public Form1() {
InitializeComponent();
InitBrowser();
}
}
}
在HTML中编写如下代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link href="./index.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="./vue.min.js"></script>
<script src="./index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<el-card class="box-card">
<div slot="header" class="clearfix">
<span>{
{ title }}</span>
<el-button style="float: right; padding: 3px 0" type="text">操作按钮</el-button>
</div>
<div v-for="o in 4" :key="o" class="text item">
{
{ '列表内容 ' + o }}
</div>
</el-card>
<el-button @click="onclick">触发</el-button>
</div>
<script> const vue = new Vue({
el: '#app', data: {
title: '标题1', }, methods: {
onclick: function () {
jsObj.sayHello(); console.log('调用完毕!'); } }, }); </script>
</body>
</html>
运行效果:
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