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常用放射性核素表 |
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原子序数及元素名称 |
核素符号 |
半衰期 |
衰变类型 括号内为每100次衰变中发生的次数 |
主要带电粒子及其能量(MeV) 括号内为平均100次衰变中发射的次数 |
主要γ线能量(MeV)括号内为平均100次衰变中发射的次数 |
1 氢 |
3H |
12.33 a |
β—(100) |
β—:0.0186(100) |
|
6 碳 |
llC |
20.38 min |
β+(>99),EC |
β+ :0.9608(>99) |
β+湮没辐射(>99) |
14C |
5730 a |
β—(100) |
β—: 0.155(100) |
||
7 氮 |
13N |
9.96 min |
β+(100) |
β+:1.190(100) |
β+湮没辐射(100) |
8 氧 |
15O |
122 s |
β+(>99),EC |
β+:1.723(>99) |
β+湮没辐射(>99) |
9 氟 |
18F |
109.8 min |
β+(96.9),EC |
β+:0.635(96.9) |
β+湮没辐射(96.9) |
11 钠 |
22Na |
2.602 a |
β+(90.26),EC |
β+:0.546(90.2) |
β+湮没辐射(90.26)1.275(99.94)1.369(100)2.754(100) |
24Na |
15.02 h |
β—(100) |
β—:1.389(~100) |
||
12 镁Magnesium |
28Mg |
21.0 h |
β—(100) |
β—:0.459(100) |
0.0306(95)0.942(36)1.342(54) |
15 磷Phosphorus |
32P |
14.28 d |
β—(100) |
β—:l.711(100) |
|
33P |
25.3 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.249(100) |
||
16 硫 |
35S |
87.4 d |
β—(98.1) |
β—:0.167(100) |
少量β+湮没辐射及S-kX |
17 氯Chlorine |
36Cl |
3.00×10 5 a |
β—(98.1) |
β—:0.709(98.1) |
1.642(31.l) |
2.168(42) |
|||||
38Cl |
37.3 min |
EC,β+ |
β—:l.11(31.3) |
||
β—(100) |
4.913(57.6) |
||||
19 钾Potassium |
40K |
1.28×109 a |
β–(89.3), |
β—:1.325(89.3) |
2.168(99.8) |
1.461(10.7) |
|||||
42K |
12.36 h |
EC,β+ |
1.525(18.8) |
||
43K |
22.3 h |
β—(100) |
β—:l.97(18.3) |
0.373(86) |
|
3.56(81.2) |
0.618(80) |
||||
β—:0.825(87) |
|||||
20 钙 |
45Ca |
165 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.258(100) |
|
47Ca |
1.536 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.684(83.9) |
1.297(77) |
|
1.981(16.l) |
|||||
49Ca |
8.72 min |
β—(100) |
β—:1.95(88) |
3.084(92) |
|
23 钒Vanadium |
48V |
15.98 d |
β+(49.6) |
β+:0.698(49.6) |
β+湮没辐射(49.6) |
EC(50.4) |
0.984(100) |
||||
1.312(97.5) |
|||||
Ti-kX0.0045(9.49) |
|||||
24 铬Chromium |
51Cr |
20.70 d |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.0044(56.1), |
0.320(10.2) |
0.0049(12.4) |
V-kX0.0049(19.71) |
||||
26铁 |
55Fe |
2.7 a |
EC(100) |
Aug. e:0.0052(53.6) 0.0058(12.7) |
Mn-kX0.0059(25.7) |
59Fe |
44.6 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.269(47), |
1.099(56.5) |
|
0.461(51) |
1.292(43.2) |
||||
27 钴 Cobalt |
57Co |
27l d |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.0057(89.7)I.C.e.:0.0073(70.3) |
0.122(85.6)Fe-kX0.0064(46.5) |
58Co |
70.8 d |
β+(15)EC(85) |
β+0.474(15) |
β+湮没辐射(15)0.8ll(99.4) |
|
Aug.e:0.0056(43.5), |
Fe kX0.0064(23.1) |
||||
0.0063(10.6) |
|||||
60Co |
5.27l a |
β—(100) |
β—0.315(~99.7) |
1.173(~100) |
|
1.332(~100) |
|||||
29 铜 Copper (Cuprum) |
64Cu |
12.70 h |
β—(39.6)β+(19.3) |
β—:0.571(39.6) |
β+湮没辐射(19.3)Ni-kX0.0075(13.9) |
Ec(41.l) |
β+:0.657(19.3) |
||||
67Cu |
61.9 h |
β—(100) |
β—:0.395(45),0.434(35),0.577(20) |
0.0933(17)0.185(47) |
|
30 锌 Zinc |
65Zn |
244.1 d |
β+(1.46)EC(98.54) |
β+:0.325(1.46) |
0.777(18.2) |
Aug.e:0.0071(41.0) |
1.116(50.8) |
||||
Cu-kX0.0080(33.2) |
|||||
69Zn m |
14.0 h |
IT(>99) |
0.0079(10.9) |
0.439(95) |
|
β— |
极少 |
||||
31 镓 Gallium |
67Ga |
78.8 h |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.0075(51.4) |
0.093(38) |
I C.e:0.0824(28.5) |
0.185(23.6) |
||||
0.300(19) |
|||||
Zn-kX0.0086(49.4) |
|||||
34 硒 Selenium |
75Se |
118.5 d |
EC(100) |
Aug.e.:0.0091(33.9) 0.0104(9.9) |
0.136(54)0.265(58)0.280(24) |
As-kX0.0107(51.5) |
|||||
35 溴 |
77Br |
57.0 h |
EC(>99)β十 |
β+0.336(<1= |
0.239(22.8) |
0.521(22.l) |
|||||
Se-kX |
|||||
82Br |
35.34 h |
β一(100) |
β十0.444(98.3) |
0.619(43)0.777(83)1.044(27) |
|
1.317(27) |
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36 氪 |
85Kr |
10.7 a |
β—(100) |
β—:0.672(99.57) |
很少 |
85Krm |
4.48 h |
β—(79) |
β—:0.84(78.8) |
0.151(78) |
|
IT(21) |
0.305(14) |
||||
37 铷 |
81Rb |
4.58 h |
β十(27) |
1.05(20) |
β+湮没辐射(27)0.190(66) |
EC(73) |
0.446(19) |
||||
86Rb |
18.8 d |
β—(100) |
1.774(91.2) |
Kr- kX |
|
87Rb |
4.8×1010 a |
β—(100) |
0.272(100) |
1.077(8.8) |
|
38 锶 |
85Sr |
64.8 d |
EC(100) |
Arg.e:0.115(21) |
0.514(<99) |
Rb kX 0.0133(50.1) |
|||||
87Srm |
2.80 h |
IT(99.7) |
IC.e.:0.372(14.7) |
0.388(82) |
|
EC |
|||||
89Sr |
50.5 d |
β—(100) |
1.488(~100) |
极少 |
|
90Sr |
28.8 a |
β—(100) |
0.546(100) |
||
39 钇 Yttrium |
87Y |
80.3 h |
EC(99.8) |
很少 |
0.485(92) |
β+ |
Sr kX 0.0141(59.8) |
||||
90Y |
64.1 h |
β—(100) |
β—:2.288(100) |
少 |
|
91Y |
58.5 d |
β—(100) |
β—1.545(99.7) |
少 |
|
42 钼Molybdenum |
99Mo |
66.02 h |
β—(100) |
β—:0.450(14), |
0.739(12.6) |
1.214(84) |
|||||
43 锝 Technetium |
99Tc |
2.14×105 a |
β—(100) |
β—:0.292(~100) |
极少0.141(89) |
99Tcm |
6.02 h |
IT(>99) |
|||
49 铟 |
111In |
2.83 d |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.0192(11) |
0.171(87.6) |
IC.e.:0.145(9.1) |
0.245(94.2) |
||||
Cd- kX 0.0230(23.9) |
|||||
0.0232(45.0) |
|||||
111Inm |
1.7 h |
IT(100) |
IC.e.:0.364(28) |
0.393(64) |
|
50 锡 |
113Sn |
115.1 d |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.021(13.5) |
0.255(2.1) |
In- kX 0.024(80.1) |
|||||
52 碲 Tellurium |
132Te |
78 h |
β—(100) |
β—:0.215(100) |
0.228(88) |
IC.e.:0.127(11.6) |
I- kX 0.028(53.7) |
||||
53 碘 Iodine |
123I |
130 h |
EC(100) |
Aug.e:0.0227(8.8) |
0.159(83) |
IC.e.:0.127(11.6) |
Te kX 0.027(70.9) |
||||
1.69(11) |
|||||
125I |
60.2d |
β—(100) |
Aug.e:0.0227(13.7) |
0.355(6.7) |
|
IC.e.:0.037(11.6) |
Te kX 0.027(119) |
||||
0.031(26 |
|||||
130I |
12.36 h |
β—(100) |
β—:0.62(52) |
0.536(99) |
|
1.04(48) |
0.669(96) |
||||
0.739(82) |
|||||
131I |
8.04 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.336(13) |
0.364(81) |
|
0.607(86) |
0.637(7.2) |
||||
132I |
2.28 h |
β—(100)S |
β—:0.74(12.8) |
0.668(98.7) |
|
1.19(18.1) |
0.773(76.2) |
||||
1.47(12.0) |
0.995(18.1) |
||||
1.62(12.7) |
|||||
2.14(16.4) |
|||||
54 氙 |
133Xe |
5.25 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.346(99.1) |
0.081(36.1) |
IC.e.:0.045(52.7) |
Cs- kX 0.031(38.5) |
||||
55 铯 Cesium |
129Cs |
32 h |
EC(100) |
0.375(48) |
|
0.416(25) |
|||||
131Cs |
9.688 d |
EC(100) |
Xe- kX 0.030(74) |
||
137Cs |
30.17 a |
β—(100) |
β—:0.512(94) |
0.662(85) |
|
56 钡 Barium |
133Ba |
10.7 a |
EC(100) |
Arg.e:0.045(46) |
0.081(34) |
0.356(62) |
|||||
Cs-kX0.031(100) |
|||||
0.035(23) |
|||||
133Bam |
1.62 d |
IT(>99) |
0.276(17.5) |
||
137Bam |
2.552 min |
IT(100) |
0.662(89.9) |
||
70 镱 Ytterbium |
169Yb |
32.0 d |
EC(100) |
IC.e.:0.0061(71.2) |
0.0631(73.8) |
0.0504(35.2) |
0.177(21.7) |
||||
0.198(36) |
|||||
Tm-kX0.050(146.3),0.058(38.3) |
|||||
71 镥 Lutetium |
177Lu |
6.71 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.497(90) |
0.208(11.0) |
76 锇 |
185Os |
93.6 d |
EC(100) |
0.646(81) |
|
Re-kX0.061(19.3) |
|||||
191Os |
15.4 d |
β—(100) |
0.143(100) |
0.061(33.4) |
|
79 金 |
195Aum |
30.6 s |
IT(100) |
0.262(67) |
|
Re- kX 0.070(22) |
|||||
198Au |
2.696 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.961(98.6) |
0.412(95.5) |
|
80 汞 Mercury |
195Hgm |
41 h |
EC(49) |
0.560(8.6) |
|
T(51) |
Au kX0.070 |
||||
Hg-kX0.071 |
|||||
197Hg |
64.1 h |
EC(100) |
0.077(19.1) |
||
Au- kX 0.070(71.8) |
|||||
197Hgm |
23.8 h |
IT(93) |
IC.e.:0.082(24.9) |
52. 134(34.3) |
|
EC |
0.119(41.0) |
||||
203Hg |
46.8 d |
β—(100) |
β—:0.212(100) |
0.279(81.5) |
|
IC.e.:0.194(13.3) |
|||||
81 铊 |
201Th |
74 h |
EC(100) |
52. 167(9) |
|
Hg kX0.071(65) |
|||||
52. 铅 |
203Pb |
52.0 h |
EC(100) |
0.279(81) |
|
T1-kX0.073 |
|||||
210Pb |
22.3 a |
β—(~100) |
0.0165(80) |
0.0465(4) |
|
α(极少) |
0.0630(20) |
||||
85 砹 Astatine |
211At |
7.21 h |
EC(58.1) |
α5.866(~41) |
0.245(12) |
α(41.9) |
Po-kX0.079 |
||||
86 氡 |
222Rn |
3.8235 d |
α(100) |
α5.49(~100) |
极少 |
88 镭 |
226Ra |
1600 a |
α(100) |
α4.785(94.5) |
0.186(3.3) |
90 钍 |
228Th |
1.9131 a |
α(100) |
α:5.341(26.7) |
0.084(1.2) |
α:5.432(72.7) |
|||||
94 钚 Plutonium |
238Pu |
87.74 a |
α(100) |
α:5.457(28.3) |
u-kX0.0135(5.1) |
α:5.499(71.6) |
0.0175(7.4) |
||||
IC.e.:0.022(20.7) |
|||||
95 镅 Americium |
241Am |
433 a |
α(100) |
α:5.443(12.8) |
0.060(35.7) |
α:5.486(85.2) |
Np kX0.0130(13.3) |
||||
98 锎Californium |
252Cf |
2.64 a (自发型变半衰期 85.5 a) |
α(100)自发裂变(3.1) |
α:6.076(15.3) |
极少 |
Bruce Lone 整理于2015-10-13 |
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