java线程池springboot_springboot线程池的使用和扩展(转)「建议收藏」

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

实战环境

windowns10；

jdk1.8；

springboot 1.5.9.RELEASE；

开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA；

实战源码

本次实战的源码可以在我的GitHub下载，地址：git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git，项目主页：https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos

这里面有多个工程，本次用到的工程为threadpooldemoserver，如下图红框所示：

实战步骤梳理

本次实战的步骤如下：

1. 创建springboot工程；

2. 创建Service层的接口和实现；

3. 创建controller，开发一个http服务接口，里面会调用service层的服务；

4. 创建线程池的配置；

5. 将Service层的服务异步化，这样每次调用都会都被提交到线程池异步执行；

6. 扩展ThreadPoolTaskExecutor，在提交任务到线程池的时候可以观察到当前线程池的情况；

创建springboot工程

用IntelliJ IDEA创建一个springboot的web工程threadpooldemoserver，pom.xml内容如下：

xsi:schemaLocation=”http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd”>

4.0.0

com.bolingcavalry

threadpooldemoserver

0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

jar

threadpooldemoserver

Demo project for Spring Boot

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

1.5.9.RELEASE

UTF-8

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-maven-plugin

创建Service层的接口和实现

创建一个service层的接口AsyncService，如下：

public interface AsyncService {

/**

* 执行异步任务

void executeAsync();

}

对应的AsyncServiceImpl，实现如下：

@Service

public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncServiceImpl.class);

@Override

public void executeAsync() {

logger.info(“start executeAsync”);

try{

Thread.sleep(1000);

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

logger.info(“end executeAsync”);

}

这个方法做的事情很简单：sleep了一秒钟；

创建controller

创建一个controller为Hello，里面定义一个http接口，做的事情是调用Service层的服务，如下：

@RestController

public class Hello {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Hello.class);

@Autowired

private AsyncService asyncService;

@RequestMapping(“/”)

public String submit(){

logger.info(“start submit”);

//调用service层的任务

asyncService.executeAsync();

logger.info(“end submit”);

return “success”;

}

至此，我们已经做好了一个http请求的服务，里面做的事情其实是同步的，接下来我们就开始配置springboot的线程池服务，将service层做的事情都提交到线程池中去处理；

springboot的线程池配置

创建一个配置类ExecutorConfig，用来定义如何创建一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor，要使用@Configuration和@EnableAsync这两个注解，表示这是个配置类，并且是线程池的配置类，如下所示：

@Configuration

@EnableAsync

public class ExecutorConfig {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);

@Bean

public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {

logger.info(“start asyncServiceExecutor”);

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

//配置核心线程数

executor.setCorePoolSize(5);

//配置最大线程数

executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);

//配置队列大小

executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);

//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(“async-service-“);

// rejection-policy：当pool已经达到max size的时候，如何处理新任务

// CALLER_RUNS：不在新线程中执行任务，而是有调用者所在的线程来执行

executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

//执行初始化

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

注意，上面的方法名称为asyncServiceExecutor，稍后马上用到；

将Service层的服务异步化

打开AsyncServiceImpl.java，在executeAsync方法上增加注解@Async(“asyncServiceExecutor”)，asyncServiceExecutor是前面ExecutorConfig.java中的方法名，表明executeAsync方法进入的线程池是asyncServiceExecutor方法创建的，如下：

@Override

@Async(“asyncServiceExecutor”)

public void executeAsync() {

logger.info(“start executeAsync”);

try{

Thread.sleep(1000);

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}

logger.info(“end executeAsync”);

}

验证效果

将这个springboot运行起来(pom.xml所在文件夹下执行mvn spring-boot:run)；

在浏览器用F5按钮快速多刷新几次；

在springboot的控制台看见日志如下：

2018-01-21 22:43:18.630 INFO 14824 — [nio-8080-exec-8] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit

2018-01-21 22:43:18.630 INFO 14824 — [nio-8080-exec-8] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit

2018-01-21 22:43:18.929 INFO 14824 — [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:18.930 INFO 14824 — [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.005 INFO 14824 — [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.006 INFO 14824 — [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.175 INFO 14824 — [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.175 INFO 14824 — [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.326 INFO 14824 — [async-service-4] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.495 INFO 14824 — [async-service-5] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:19.930 INFO 14824 — [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:20.006 INFO 14824 — [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 22:43:20.191 INFO 14824 — [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

如上日志所示，我们可以看到controller的执行线程是”nio-8080-exec-8”，这是tomcat的执行线程，而service层的日志显示线程名为“async-service-1”，显然已经在我们配置的线程池中执行了，并且每次请求中，controller的起始和结束日志都是连续打印的，表明每次请求都快速响应了，而耗时的操作都留给线程池中的线程去异步执行；

扩展ThreadPoolTaskExecutor

虽然我们已经用上了线程池，但是还不清楚线程池当时的情况，有多少线程在执行，多少在队列中等待呢？这里我创建了一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的子类，在每次提交线程的时候都会将当前线程池的运行状况打印出来，代码如下：

public class VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);

private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix){

ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor();

if(null==threadPoolExecutor){

return;

}

logger.info(“{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]”,

this.getThreadNamePrefix(),

prefix,

threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(),

threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size());

}

@Override

public void execute(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do execute”);

super.execute(task);

}

@Override

public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do execute”);

super.execute(task, startTimeout);

}

@Override

public Future> submit(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do submit”);

return super.submit(task);

}

@Override

public Future submit(Callable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do submit”);

return super.submit(task);

}

@Override

public ListenableFuture> submitListenable(Runnable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“1. do submitListenable”);

return super.submitListenable(task);

}

@Override

public ListenableFuture submitListenable(Callable task) {

showThreadPoolInfo(“2. do submitListenable”);

return super.submitListenable(task);

}

如上所示，showThreadPoolInfo方法中将任务总数、已完成数、活跃线程数，队列大小都打印出来了，然后Override了父类的execute、submit等方法，在里面调用showThreadPoolInfo方法，这样每次有任务被提交到线程池的时候，都会将当前线程池的基本情况打印到日志中；

修改ExecutorConfig.java的asyncServiceExecutor方法，将ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor()改为ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor()，如下所示：

@Bean

public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {

logger.info(“start asyncServiceExecutor”);

//使用VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

//配置核心线程数

executor.setCorePoolSize(5);

//配置最大线程数

executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);

//配置队列大小

executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);

//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(“async-service-“);

// rejection-policy：当pool已经达到max size的时候，如何处理新任务

// CALLER_RUNS：不在新线程中执行任务，而是有调用者所在的线程来执行

executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

//执行初始化

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

再次启动该工程，再浏览器反复刷新http://localhost:8080，看到的日志如下：

2018-01-21 23:04:56.113 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-1] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [99], completedTaskCount [85], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]

2018-01-21 23:04:56.113 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-1] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit

2018-01-21 23:04:56.225 INFO 15580 — [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 23:04:56.225 INFO 15580 — [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit

2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [100], completedTaskCount [86], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]

2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit

2018-01-21 23:04:56.298 INFO 15580 — [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 23:04:56.298 INFO 15580 — [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

2018-01-21 23:04:56.372 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit

2018-01-21 23:04:56.373 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [101], completedTaskCount [87], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]

2018-01-21 23:04:56.373 INFO 15580 — [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit

2018-01-21 23:04:56.444 INFO 15580 — [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync

2018-01-21 23:04:56.445 INFO 15580 — [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync

注意这一行日志：2. do submit,taskCount [101], completedTaskCount [87], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]

这说明提交任务到线程池的时候，调用的是submit(Callable task)这个方法，当前已经提交了101个任务，完成了87个，当前有5个线程在处理任务，还剩9个任务在队列中等待，线程池的基本情况一路了然；

至此，springboot线程池服务的实战就完成了，希望能帮您在工程中快速实现异步服务；

spring-boot 方法异步调用，自定义线程池配置使用

1、在主类中添加@EnableAsync注解：

@SpringBootApplication

@EnableScheduling

@EnableAsync

public class MySpringBootApplication {

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MySpringBootApplication.class);

public static void main(String[] args) {

SpringApplication.run(MySpringBootApplication.class, args);

logger.info(“My Spring Boot Application Started”);

}

2、创建一个AsyncTask类，在里面添加两个用@Async注解的task：

@Component

public classAsyncTask{

protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

@Async

publicFuture doTask1()throwsInterruptedException{

logger.info(“Task1 started.”);

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

Thread.sleep(5000);

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

logger.info(“Task1 finished, time elapsed: {} ms.”, end-start);

return new AsyncResult<>(“Task1 accomplished!”);

}

@Async

publicFuture doTask2()throwsInterruptedException{

logger.info(“Task2 started.”);

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

Thread.sleep(3000);

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

logger.info(“Task2 finished, time elapsed: {} ms.”, end-start);

return new AsyncResult<>(“Task2 accomplished!”);

}

3、万事俱备，开始测试：

public classTaskTestsextendsBasicUtClass{

@Autowired

private AsyncTask asyncTask;

@Test

public void AsyncTaskTest() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

Future task1 = asyncTask.doTask1();

Future task2 = asyncTask.doTask2();

while(true) {

if(task1.isDone() && task2.isDone()) {

logger.info(“Task1 result: {}”, task1.get());

logger.info(“Task2 result: {}”, task2.get());

break;

}

Thread.sleep(1000);

}

logger.info(“All tasks finished.”);

}

测试结果：

2016-12-13 11:12:24,850:INFO main (AsyncExecutionAspectSupport.java:245) – No TaskExecutor bean found for async processing

2016-12-13 11:12:24,864:INFO SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:22) – Task1 started.

2016-12-13 11:12:24,865:INFO SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2 (AsyncTask.java:34) – Task2 started.

2016-12-13 11:12:27,869:INFO SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-2 (AsyncTask.java:39) – Task2 finished, time elapsed: 3001 ms.

2016-12-13 11:12:29,866:INFO SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:27) – Task1 finished, time elapsed: 5001 ms.

2016-12-13 11:12:30,853:INFO main (TaskTests.java:23) – Task1 result: Task1 accomplished!

2016-12-13 11:12:30,853:INFO main (TaskTests.java:24) – Task2 result: Task2 accomplished!

2016-12-13 11:12:30,854:INFO main (TaskTests.java:30) – All tasks finished.

可以看到，没有自定义的Executor，所以使用缺省的TaskExecutor 。

前面是最简单的使用方法。如果想使用自定义的Executor，可以按照如下几步来：

1、新建一个Executor配置类，顺便把@EnableAsync注解搬到这里来：

@Configuration

@EnableAsync

public class ExecutorConfig {

/** Set the ThreadPoolExecutor’s core pool size. */

private int corePoolSize = 10;

/** Set the ThreadPoolExecutor’s maximum pool size. */

private int maxPoolSize = 200;

/** Set the capacity for the ThreadPoolExecutor’s BlockingQueue. */

private int queueCapacity = 10;

@Bean

public Executor mySimpleAsync() {

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);

executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);

executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(“MySimpleExecutor-“);

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

@Bean

public Executor myAsync() {

ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);

executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);

executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);

executor.setThreadNamePrefix(“MyExecutor-“);

// rejection-policy：当pool已经达到max size的时候，如何处理新任务

// CALLER_RUNS：不在新线程中执行任务，而是有调用者所在的线程来执行

executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());

executor.initialize();

return executor;

}

这里定义了两个不同的Executor，第二个重新设置了pool已经达到max size时候的处理方法；同时指定了线程名字的前缀。

2、自定义Executor的使用：

@Component

public classAsyncTask{

protected final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

@Async(“mySimpleAsync”)

publicFuture doTask1()throwsInterruptedException{

logger.info(“Task1 started.”);

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

Thread.sleep(5000);

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

logger.info(“Task1 finished, time elapsed: {} ms.”, end-start);

return new AsyncResult<>(“Task1 accomplished!”);

}

@Async(“myAsync”)

publicFuture doTask2()throwsInterruptedException{

logger.info(“Task2 started.”);

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

Thread.sleep(3000);

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();

logger.info(“Task2 finished, time elapsed: {} ms.”, end-start);

return new AsyncResult<>(“Task2 accomplished!”);

}

就是把上面自定义Executor的类名，放进@Async注解中。

3、(测试用例不变)测试结果：

2016-12-13 10:57:11,998:INFO MySimpleExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:22) – Task1 started.

2016-12-13 10:57:12,001:INFO MyExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:34) – Task2 started.

2016-12-13 10:57:15,007:INFO MyExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:39) – Task2 finished, time elapsed: 3000 ms.

2016-12-13 10:57:16,999:INFO MySimpleExecutor-1 (AsyncTask.java:27) – Task1 finished, time elapsed: 5001 ms.

2016-12-13 10:57:17,994:INFO main (TaskTests.java:23) – Task1 result: Task1 accomplished!

2016-12-13 10:57:17,994:INFO main (TaskTests.java:24) – Task2 result: Task2 accomplished!

2016-12-13 10:57:17,994:INFO main (TaskTests.java:30) – All tasks finished.

2016-12-13 10:57:18,064 Thread-3 WARN Unable to register Log4j shutdown hook because JVM is shutting down. Using SimpleLogger

可见，线程名字的前缀变了，两个task使用了不同的线程池了。

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