大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

一、问题描述

2022-05-03 14:01:40.630  WARN 16876 --- [ntContainer#0-2] s.a.r.l.ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler : Execution of Rabbit message listener failed.
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.ListenerExecutionFailedException: Failed to convert message
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:155) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1665) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.actualInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1584) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1572) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doExecuteListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1563) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.executeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1507) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.doReceiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:967) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.receiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:914) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$1600(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:83) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.mainLoop(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1291) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.run(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1197) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_301]
Caused by: org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException: failed to convert serialized Message content
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter.fromMessage(SimpleMessageConverter.java:117) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.AbstractAdaptableMessageListener.extractMessage(AbstractAdaptableMessageListener.java:342) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter$MessagingMessageConverterAdapter.extractPayload(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:365) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessagingMessageConverter.fromMessage(MessagingMessageConverter.java:132) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.toMessagingMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:242) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:145) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 11 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not deserialize object type
at org.springframework.amqp.utils.SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.java:97) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter.fromMessage(SimpleMessageConverter.java:113) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 16 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.example.cloud.producer.rabbitmq.entity.RabbitOrder
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:355) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:348) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:284) ~[spring-core-5.3.16.jar:5.3.16]
at org.springframework.core.ConfigurableObjectInputStream.resolveClass(ConfigurableObjectInputStream.java:76) ~[spring-core-5.3.16.jar:5.3.16]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter$1.resolveClass(SimpleMessageConverter.java:183) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1984) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1848) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2158) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1665) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:501) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:459) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at org.springframework.amqp.utils.SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.java:91) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 17 common frames omitted
2022-05-03 14:01:40.630  WARN 16876 --- [ntContainer#0-2] ingErrorHandler$DefaultExceptionStrategy : Fatal message conversion error; message rejected; it will be dropped or routed to a dead letter exchange, if so configured: (Body:'[serialized object]' MessageProperties [headers={spring_listener_return_correlation=b2329a07-f83e-4999-b7b4-5d1c7b65c767, spring_returned_message_correlation=1651557699966$3b0f387d-b17f-42df-b060-06ffa0a71910}, contentType=application/x-java-serialized-object, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=order-exchange, receivedRoutingKey=order.user, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=amq.ctag-sxIMscspKJ98oEOaFyIyPQ, consumerQueue=order-queue])
2022-05-03 14:01:40.630 ERROR 16876 --- [ntContainer#0-2] o.s.a.r.l.SimpleMessageListenerContainer : Execution of Rabbit message listener failed, and the error handler threw an exception
org.springframework.amqp.AmqpRejectAndDontRequeueException: Error Handler converted exception to fatal
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler.handleError(ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler.java:146) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.invokeErrorHandler(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1469) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.handleListenerException(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1753) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.executeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1528) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.doReceiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:967) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.receiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:914) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$1600(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:83) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.mainLoop(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1291) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.run(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1197) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_301]
Caused by: org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.ListenerExecutionFailedException: Failed to convert message
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:155) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1665) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.actualInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1584) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1572) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doExecuteListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1563) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.executeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:1507) [spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 6 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException: failed to convert serialized Message content
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter.fromMessage(SimpleMessageConverter.java:117) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.AbstractAdaptableMessageListener.extractMessage(AbstractAdaptableMessageListener.java:342) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter$MessagingMessageConverterAdapter.extractPayload(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:365) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessagingMessageConverter.fromMessage(MessagingMessageConverter.java:132) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.toMessagingMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:242) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessagingMessageListenerAdapter.java:145) ~[spring-rabbit-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 11 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not deserialize object type
at org.springframework.amqp.utils.SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.java:97) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter.fromMessage(SimpleMessageConverter.java:113) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 16 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.example.cloud.producer.rabbitmq.entity.RabbitOrder
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:418) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:355) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:351) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:348) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:284) ~[spring-core-5.3.16.jar:5.3.16]
at org.springframework.core.ConfigurableObjectInputStream.resolveClass(ConfigurableObjectInputStream.java:76) ~[spring-core-5.3.16.jar:5.3.16]
at org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.SimpleMessageConverter$1.resolveClass(SimpleMessageConverter.java:183) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1984) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1848) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2158) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1665) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:501) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:459) ~[na:1.8.0_301]
at org.springframework.amqp.utils.SerializationUtils.deserialize(SerializationUtils.java:91) ~[spring-amqp-2.4.2.jar:2.4.2]
... 17 common frames omitted

从异常信息中可以看到是消费者对消息反序列化的时候失败了。虽然两个项目中的发送和接收对象是完全一样的，但在进行反序列化的时候还是失败了

下图可以看到RabbitMQ默认消息编码是base64，消费者有没做任何处理，所以会导致消费者接收到的消息会无法识别

二、解决方案

方案一：共同使用一个对象

描述：我目前生产者和消费者都有一个对象，内容是一模一样的包括序列化，可就是消费者接收时报序列化错误
解决方案：把这个对象放到公共模块，然后生产者和消费者服务引入这个公共模块，生产者和消费者发送和消费时共用一个对象。这样完全保证了两个项目中JavaBean是一致的，所以能解决反序列失败的问题
缺点：局限性太小，这种模式生产者和消费者只能在同一个微服务下才能使用

方案二：消息JSON序列化（推荐）

2.1.生产者发送消息JSON序列化

生产者添加配置：

/** * RabbitMQ配置 * * @author Tang * @version 1.0 * @date 2022/05/02 23:23:27 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig implements InitializingBean { 

/** * 自动注入RabbitTemplate模板 */
@Resource
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/** * 发送消息JSON序列化 */
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() { 

//使用JSON序列化
rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
}
}

2.2.消费者接收消息JSON反序列化

消费者添加配置：

/** * RabbitMQ配置 * * @author Tang * @version 1.0 * @date 2022/05/02 23:23:27 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig { 

@Bean
public MessageConverter jsonMessageConverter(ObjectMapper objectMapper) { 

return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter(objectMapper);
}
}

三、测试

生产者推送消息：

rabbitmq控制台查看消息类型：

消费者成功消费：