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Spring Data Mongodb多表关联查询

Spring Data Mongodb多表关联查询

Spring Data Mongodb多表关联查询

前言

额瑞巴蒂，好。

最近公司的项目采用Mongodb作为数据库，我也是一头雾水，因为MongoDB是最近几年才火起来，没有什么太多的学习资料。只有看Mongodb官网，Spring Data Mongodb官网文档，看起也比较吃力。所以对Mongodb也是摸着石头过河，有什么不对的地方还请各位老铁多多指教。

开始吧！

一、实例

为了演示对象间一对一、一对多关系，现在创建三张表：公司（Company）、部门（Department）、员工（Employee）

1、数据准备

// 公司
public class Company { 
   
    @Id
    private String id;

    private String companyName;

    private String mobile;
}

// 部门
public class Department { 
   
    @Id
    private String id;

    private String departmentName;

    @DBRef
    private Company company;

    @DBRef
    private List<Employee> employeeList;
}

// 员工
public class Employee { 
   
    @Id
    private String id;
    
    private String employeeName;
    
    private String phone;
    
    @DBRef
    private Department department;
}

创建测试所需的数据：

	@Autowired
    private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

    @Test
    public void initData() { 
   
        // 公司
        Company company = new Company();
        company.setCompanyName("XXX公司");
        company.setMobile("023-66668888");
        mongoTemplate.save(company);

        // 部门
        Department department = new Department();
        department.setDepartmentName("XXX信息开发系统");
        department.setCompany(company);
        department.setEmployeeList(Collections.emptyList());
        mongoTemplate.save(department);

        // 员工
        List<Employee> employeeList = new ArrayList<>();
        Employee employee1 = new Employee();
        employee1.setEmployeeName("张一");
        employee1.setPhone("159228359xx");
        employee1.setDepartment(department);
        employeeList.add(employee1);

        Employee employee2 = new Employee();
        employee2.setEmployeeName("张二");
        employee2.setPhone("159228358xx");
        employee2.setDepartment(department);
        employeeList.add(employee2);
        mongoTemplate.insert(employeeList, Employee.class);

        department.setEmployeeList(employeeList);
        mongoTemplate.save(department);
    }

2、一对一：两表关联查询

RemoveDollarOperation ：自定义的Mongodb aggregation管道操作，在稍后的内容中会介绍

   /** * 员工表关联部门表 */
    @Test
    public void twoTableQuery() { 
   
                // 1、消除@DBRef引用对象中的"$id"的"$"符号
        RemoveDollarOperation removeDollarOperation = new RemoveDollarOperation("newDepartmentFieldName", "department");

        // 2、使用mongodb $lookup实现左连接部门表
        LookupOperation lookupOperation = LookupOperation.newLookup().from("department")
                .localField("newDepartmentFieldName.id").foreignField("_id").as("newDepartment");

        // $match条件筛选
		// MatchOperation matchOperation = new MatchOperation(Criteria.where("newDepartment.departmentName").is("信息开发系统"));
        
        // 3、Aggregation管道操作（还可以加入$match、$project等其他管道操作，但是得注意先后顺序）
        TypedAggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Employee.class, removeDollarOperation, lookupOperation);
		// TypedAggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Employee.class, removeDollarOperation, lookupOperation, matchOperation);
        AggregationResults<Document> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, Document.class);

        System.out.println(JSONArray.toJSONString(results.getMappedResults()));
    }

3、一对一：多表关联查询

/** * 员工表关联部门表，部门表关联公司表 */
@Test
public void threeTableQuery() { 
   
        // 1、消除@DBRef引用对象中的"$id"的"$"符号
        RemoveDollarOperation removeDollarOperation1 = new RemoveDollarOperation("newDepartmentFieldName", "department");

        // 2、使用mongodb $lookup实现左连接部门表
        LookupOperation lookupOperation1 = LookupOperation.newLookup().from("department")
                .localField("newDepartmentFieldName.id").foreignField("_id").as("newDepartment");

        // 3、使用$unwind展平步骤二中的左连接的department表的"newDepartment"
        UnwindOperation unwindOperation = new UnwindOperation(Fields.field("$newDepartment"));

        // 4、消除@DBRef引用对象中的"$id"的"$"符号
        RemoveDollarOperation removeDollarOperation2 = new RemoveDollarOperation("newCompanyFieldName", "newDepartment.company");

        // 5、使用mongodb $lookup实现左连接公司表
        LookupOperation lookupOperation2 = LookupOperation.newLookup().from("company")
                .localField("newCompanyFieldName.id").foreignField("_id").as("newCompany");

        MatchOperation matchOperation = new MatchOperation(Criteria.where("newCompany.companyName").is("XXX公司"));

        // 4、Aggregation管道操作（还可以加入$match、$project等其他管道操作，但是得注意先后顺序）
        TypedAggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Employee.class,
                removeDollarOperation1, lookupOperation1,
                unwindOperation,
                removeDollarOperation2, lookupOperation2,
                matchOperation);

        AggregationResults<Document> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, Document.class);

        System.out.println(JSONArray.toJSONString(results.getMappedResults()));
}

4、一对多：关联查询

	/** * 查询部门中的所有员工，部门关联多个员工 */
    @Test
	public void oneToManyTableQuery() { 
   
        // 1、展平“多”的一方
        UnwindOperation unwindOperation = new UnwindOperation(Fields.field("employeeList"));

        // 2、消除@DBRef引用对象中的"$id"的"$"符号
        RemoveDollarOperation removeDollarOperation1 = new RemoveDollarOperation("newEmployeeFieldName", "employeeList");

        // 3、使用mongodb $lookup实现左连接员工表
        LookupOperation lookupOperation1 = LookupOperation.newLookup().from("employee")
                .localField("newEmployeeFieldName.id").foreignField("_id").as("newEmployee");

        // 筛选条件（非必须，看自己是否需要筛选）
        MatchOperation matchOperation = new MatchOperation(Criteria.where("newEmployee.employeeName").is("张一"));

        // 4、Aggregation管道操作（还可以加入$match、$project等其他管道操作，但是得注意先后顺序）
        TypedAggregation aggregation = Aggregation.newAggregation(Employee.class,
                unwindOperation,
                removeDollarOperation1, lookupOperation1,
                matchOperation);

        AggregationResults<Document> results = mongoTemplate.aggregate(aggregation, Document.class);

        System.out.println(JSONArray.toJSONString(results.getMappedResults()));
    }

二、讲道理

1、自定义RemoveDollarOperation管道操作的作用

先谈谈mongodb原生$lookup

我们先来看下mongodb的$lookup操作，这是mongodb $lookup的原生语法

{ 
   
   $lookup:
     { 
   
       from: "collection to join（集合名）",
       localField: "field from the input documents（外键）",
       foreignField: "field from the documents of the "from" collection（被左连接的表的关联主键）",
       as: "output array field（存放连接获得的结果的列名）"
     }
}

然后使用原生语法进行lookup关联操作，我们来看下员工表与部门表在Mongodb中的数据

// employee
{ 
   
    "_id": ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830c"),
    "employeeName": "张一",
    "phone": "159228359xx",
    "department": DBRef("department", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b")),
    "_class": "com.example.mongo.domain.company.Employee"
}

// department
{ 
   
    "_id": ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b"),
    "departmentName": "信息开发系统",
    "company": DBRef("company", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830a")),
    "employeeList": [
        DBRef("employee", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830c")),
        DBRef("employee", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830d"))
    ],
    "_class": "com.example.mongo.domain.company.Department"
}

你以为可以直接通过下面方式进行表连接操作吗，那就错了

执行上面的mongo语句，会报以下错误

错误原因：field的名称不支持以”$”开头

那问题就来了，既然mongo原生lookup都不支持这一的操作，更何况Spring data mongodb了呢，那”localField”到底该填什么才能实现表关联呢？

去掉DBRef中”$id”的”$”

既然不能以”$“开头，那我就把”$”去掉呗：

MongoDB官方提供的一个方法：https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-14466

db.collection.aggregate({ 
   $addFields:{ 
   "newFieldName":
     { 
   $arrayToObject:{ 
   $map:{ 
   
          input:{ 
   $objectToArray:"$localFieldName"}, 
          in:{ 
   
             k:{ 
   $cond:[ 
                     { 
   $eq:[{ 
   "$substrCP":["$$this.k",0,1]},{ 
   $literal:"$"}]},
                     { 
   $substrCP:["$$this.k",1,{ 
   $strLenCP:"$$this.k"}]},
                     "$$this.k"
             ]},
             v:"$$this.v"
           }
         }}}
}})

使用前：

"department": DBRef("department", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b"))

使用后：

"department": { 
   "ref":"department", "id": "5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b"}

去除”$“的方式是通过在结果中新追加一列”newFieldName”,这列的值是来至”$localFieldName”。

所以我们在使用过程中只需替换上面两处的值即可。

来，我们按这方式操作一波：(修改为”newDepartmentFieldName”,”$department”)

db.employee.aggregate([{ 
   
    "$addFields": { 
   
        "newDepartmentFieldName": { 
   
            "$arrayToObject": { 
   
                "$map": { 
   
                    "input": { 
   
                        "$objectToArray": "$department"
                    },
                    "in": { 
   
                        "k": { 
   
                            "$cond": [{ 
   
                                "$eq": [{ 
   
                                    "$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 0, 1]
                                }, { 
   
                                    "$literal": "$"
                                }]
                            }, { 
   
                                "$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 1, { 
   
                                    "$strLenCP": "$$this.k"
                                }]
                            }, "$$this.k"]
                        },
                        "v": "$$this.v"
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}, { 
   
    "$lookup": { 
   
        "from": "department",
        "localField": "newDepartmentFieldName.id",
        "foreignField": "_id",
        "as": "newDepartment"
    }
}])

结果出来咯，老铁们

{ 
   
    "_id": ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830c"),
    "employeeName": "张一",
    "phone": "159228359xx",
    "department": DBRef("department", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b")),
    "_class": "com.example.mongo.domain.company.Employee",
    "newDepartmentFieldName": { 
   
        "ref": "department",
        "id": ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b")
    },
    "newDepartment": [
        { 
   
            "_id": ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830b"),
            "departmentName": "信息开发系统",
            "company": DBRef("company", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830a")),
            "employeeList": [
                DBRef("employee", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830c")),
                DBRef("employee", ObjectId("5c244aafc8fbfb40c02d830d"))
            ],
            "_class": "com.example.mongo.domain.company.Department"
        }
    ]
}

自定义RemoveDollarOperation管道操作

前面说了这么多，就是想告诉你们，我为什么要自定义一个RemoveDollarOperation管道操作。就是为了解决Mongodb $lookup的”localField”的值不支持以”$”开头

以下是RemoveDollarOperation的实现：

只需implements AggregationOperation，实现toDocument()方法即可

/** * @author : zhangmeng * Date : 2018/12/27 11:13 * Description : 自定义的Spring data mongodb的Aggregation Operation */
public class RemoveDollarOperation implements AggregationOperation { 

/** * 查询结果新追加的列名 */
private String newField;
/** * 需要关联的表中的外键 */
private String localField;
public RemoveDollarOperation(String newField, String localField) { 

this.newField = newField;
this.localField = localField;
}
@Override
public Document toDocument(AggregationOperationContext context) { 

List<Object> eqObjects = new ArrayList<>();
eqObjects.add(new Document("$substrCP", Arrays.asList("$$this.k", 0, 1)));
eqObjects.add(new Document("$literal", "$"));
List<Object> substrCPObjects = new ArrayList<>();
substrCPObjects.add("$$this.k");
substrCPObjects.add(1);
substrCPObjects.add(new Document("$strLenCP", "$$this.k"));
List<Object> objects = new ArrayList<>();
objects.add(new Document("$eq", eqObjects));
objects.add(new Document("$substrCP", substrCPObjects));
objects.add("$$this.k");
Document operation = new Document(
"$addFields",
new Document(newField,
new Document("$arrayToObject",
new Document("$map",
new Document("input",new Document("$objectToArray", "$"+localField))
.append("in", new Document("k",new Document("$cond", objects))
.append("v", "$$this.v")))
)
)
);
return context.getMappedObject(operation);
}
}

你看到那么多的Document 拼接，其实就是为了实现

db.collection.aggregate({ 
$addFields:{ 
"newFieldName":
{ 
$arrayToObject:{ 
$map:{ 

input:{ 
$objectToArray:"$localFieldName"},  ...

注意事项：
在实现过程中，可能因为Spring-data-mongodb版本不同，

	
// Spring-data-mongodb 2.0以上使用Org.bson的Document （具体版本不确定）
@Override
public Document toDocument(AggregationOperationContext context) { 

...
...
Document operation = new Document(
"$addFields",
new Document(newField,"")
...
...
);
return context.getMappedObject(operation);
}
// Spring-data-mongodb 2.0以下使用com.mongodb.BasicDBObject
@Override
public DBObject toDBObject(AggregationOperationContext context) { 

...
...
DBObject operation = new DBObject (
"$addFields",
new DBObject (newField,"")
...
...
);
return context.getMappedObject(operation);
}

2、实例中的一对一多表关联查询中的第4步使用UnwindOperation的原因

可能当我们实现了实例1中的一对一两表关联查询后，顺理成章就觉得如果要再关联第三张表的话，直接再使用

一次RemoveDollarOperation，LookupOperation进行关联

db.employee.aggregate([{ 

"$addFields": { 

"newDepartmentFieldName": { 

"$arrayToObject": { 

"$map": { 

"input": { 

"$objectToArray": "$department"
},
"in": { 

"k": { 

"$cond": [{ 

"$eq": [{ 

"$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 0, 1]
}, { 

"$literal": "$"
}]
}, { 

"$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 1, { 

"$strLenCP": "$$this.k"
}]
}, "$$this.k"]
},
"v": "$$this.v"
}
}
}
}
}
}, { 

"$lookup": { 

"from": "department",
"localField": "newDepartmentFieldName.id",
"foreignField": "_id",
"as": "newDepartment"
}
}, { 

"$addFields": { 

"newCompanyFieldName": { 

"$arrayToObject": { 

"$map": { 

"input": { 

"$objectToArray": "$newDepartment.company"
},
"in": { 

"k": { 

"$cond": [{ 

"$eq": [{ 

"$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 0, 1]
}, { 

"$literal": "$"
}]
}, { 

"$substrCP": ["$$this.k", 1, { 

"$strLenCP": "$$this.k"
}]
}, "$$this.k"]
},
"v": "$$this.v"
}
}
}
}
}
}, { 

"$lookup": { 

"from": "company",
"localField": "newCompanyFieldName.id",
"foreignField": "_id",
"as": "newCompany"
}
}])

但是，执行后就错了：

来来来，我们一步一步分析下

这是Employee关联Department后，得到的结果，“newDepartment”是关联后得到的结果：

我们如果要进一步Department关联Company的话，直接再使用RemoveDollarOperation，LookupOperation是不行的，因为在消除”$”操作时入参需要一个非数组对象，而前一步的结果的”newDepartment”是一个数组，所以报错了

为了得到一个非数组对象，我们就要使用$unwind将”newDepartment”展平

然后就可以使用”newDepartment”继续RemoveDollarOperation，LookupOperation操作了。最终得到Employee关

联Department关联Company的结果了。如果还想继续关联，就以此类推。

最终得出的模型：
一对一两表关联的步骤：
1、RemoveDollarOperation
2、LookupOperation
一对一多表关联的步骤：
1、RemoveDollarOperation  2、LookupOperation
3、UnwindOperation
4、RemoveDollarOperation  5、LookupOperation
...
一对多表关联的步骤：
1、UnwindOperation
2、RemoveDollarOperation
3、LookupOperation

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Spring Data Mongodb多表关联查询