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unix命令netstat[通俗易懂]

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unix命令netstat[通俗易懂]Netstat命令用于显示各种网络相关信息，如网络连接，路由表，接口状态(InterfaceStatistics)，masquerade连接，多播成员(MulticastMemberships)等等。

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命令的作用：

Netstat 命令用于显示各种网络相关信息，如网络连接，路由表，接口状态 (Interface Statistics)，masquerade 连接，多播成员 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。

输出结果：

从整体上看，netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分：

一个是Active Internet connections，称为有源TCP连接，其中”Recv-Q”和”Send-Q”指%0A的是接收队列和发送队列。这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积。这种情况只能在非常少的情况见到。

另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets，称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样，但是只能用于本机通信，性能可以提高一倍)。
Proto显示连接使用的协议,RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程号,Types显示套接口的类型,State显示套接口当前的状态,Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。

Active Internet connections (w/o servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 2 210.34.6.89:telnet 210.34.6.96:2873 ESTABLISHED
tcp 296 0 210.34.6.89:1165 210.34.6.84:netbios-ssn ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:9001 localhost.localdom:1162 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 localhost.localdom:1162 localhost.localdom:9001 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 80 210.34.6.89:1161 210.34.6.10:netbios-ssn CLOSE

Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags Type State I-Node Path
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16178 @000000dd
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16176 @000000dc
unix 9 [ ] DGRAM 5292 /dev/log
unix 1 [ ] STREAM CONNECTED 16182 @000000df

常见参数

-a (all)显示所有选项，默认不显示LISTEN相关
-t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项
-u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项
-n 拒绝显示别名，能显示数字的全部转化成数字。
-l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态

-p 显示建立相关链接的程序名
-r 显示路由信息，路由表
-e 显示扩展信息，例如uid等
-s 按各个协议进行统计
-c 每隔一个固定时间，执行该netstat命令。

提示：LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到

列出所有 tcp 端口 netstat -at

Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 *:523                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:netbios-ssn           *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:5939          *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 zhangxin-ThinkPa:domain *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:microsoft-ds          *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:git                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        1      1 dingchao.yeepay.c:44933 117.79.157.201:http     CLOSING    
tcp        1      0 dingchao.yeepay.c:49200 backoo.canonical.c:http CLOSE_WAIT
tcp        1      0 dingchao.yeepay.c:54873 stimpy.musicbrainz:http CLOSE_WAIT
tcp        1      0 dingchao.yeepay.c:49203 backoo.canonical.c:http CLOSE_WAIT
tcp        0      0 dingchao.yeepay.c:58543 117.79.157.251:http     ESTABLISHED
tcp        1      0 dingchao.yeepay.c:50899 barbadine.canonica:http CLOSE_WAIT
列出所有 udp 端口 netstat -au

Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
udp        0      0 *:4000                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4001                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4002                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4003                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4004                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4005                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4006                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4007                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4008                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 zhangxin-ThinkPa:domain *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*                                
udp        0      0 192.168.100.:netbios-ns *:*                                
udp        0      0 dingchao.yee:netbios-ns *:*
只显示监听端口 netstat -l

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State      
tcp        0      0 *:523                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:netbios-ssn           *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:5939          *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 zhangxin-ThinkPa:domain *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:ipp           *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:microsoft-ds          *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 localhost:mysql         *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 *:git                   *:*                     LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:netbios-ssn        [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ip6-localhost:ipp       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:microsoft-ds       [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:daap               [::]:*                  LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 [::]:git                [::]:*                  LISTEN     
udp        0      0 *:4000                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4001                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4002                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4003                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4004                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4005                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4006                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4007                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:4008                  *:*                                
udp        0      0 zhangxin-ThinkPa:domain *:*                                
udp        0      0 *:bootpc                *:*       
Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17180    @/tmp/.ICE-unix/3079
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     22741    /home/dasuser1/das/tmp/dasnamedpipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11833    /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15893    /var/lib/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17905    @/tmp/dbus-bBksXDeV
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     16841    /tmp/ssh-ZBiQGjOj3bvy/agent.2959
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17181    /tmp/.ICE-unix/3079
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15891    /var/run/samba/winbindd/pipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     761153   socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15905    /var/run/samba/nmbd/unexpected
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11832    @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9014     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17978    /run/user/1000/pulse/native
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13373    /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17223    /run/user/1000/keyring-AuVpEk/ssh
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     21856    @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-V1zAlI5U
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9038     /var/run/sdp
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     863619   @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-j94ZcNiL
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17249    /run/user/1000/keyring-AuVpEk/gpg
只列出所有监听 UNIX 端口 netstat -lx

Active UNIX domain sockets (only servers)
Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node   Path
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17180    @/tmp/.ICE-unix/3079
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     22741    /home/dasuser1/das/tmp/dasnamedpipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11833    /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15893    /var/lib/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17905    @/tmp/dbus-bBksXDeV
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     16841    /tmp/ssh-ZBiQGjOj3bvy/agent.2959
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17181    /tmp/.ICE-unix/3079
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15891    /var/run/samba/winbindd/pipe
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     761153   socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     15905    /var/run/samba/nmbd/unexpected
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     11832    @/tmp/.X11-unix/X0
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9014     /var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17978    /run/user/1000/pulse/native
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     13373    /var/run/avahi-daemon/socket
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17223    /run/user/1000/keyring-AuVpEk/ssh
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     21856    @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-V1zAlI5U
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     9038     /var/run/sdp
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     863619   @/dbus-vfs-daemon/socket-j94ZcNiL
显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s

Ip:
    742693 total packets received
    0 forwarded
    2 with unknown protocol
    0 incoming packets discarded
    598618 incoming packets delivered
    357142 requests sent out
    4 outgoing packets dropped
Icmp:
    229 ICMP messages received
    3 input ICMP message failed.
    ICMP input histogram:
        destination unreachable: 228
        echo requests: 1
    12417 ICMP messages sent
    0 ICMP messages failed
    ICMP output histogram:
        destination unreachable: 12416
        echo replies: 1
IcmpMsg:
        InType3: 228
        InType8: 1
        OutType0: 1
        OutType3: 12416
Tcp:
    7169 active connections openings
    100 passive connection openings
    89 failed connection attempts
    156 connection resets received
    4 connections established
    267968 segments received
    249190 segments send out
    12317 segments retransmited
    43 bad segments received.
    1076 resets sent
Udp:
    514384 packets received
    12417 packets to unknown port received.
    0 packet receive errors
    82823 packets sent
UdpLite:
TcpExt:
    1994 TCP sockets finished time wait in fast timer
    1666 delayed acks sent
    6 delayed acks further delayed because of locked socket
    Quick ack mode was activated 816 times
    635 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.
    7417 bytes directly in process context from backlog
    765973 bytes directly received in process context from prequeue
    155844 packet headers predicted
    448 packets header predicted and directly queued to user
    36321 acknowledgments not containing data payload received
    17185 predicted acknowledgments
    9 times recovered from packet loss by selective acknowledgements
    198 congestion windows recovered without slow start after partial ack
    3 timeouts after SACK recovery
    3 timeouts in loss state
netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息:netstat -c
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface
default         192.168.100.1   0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0
192.168.100.0   *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0

netstat -ap|grep ssh
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 *:ssh                   *:*                     LISTEN      –               
tcp6       0      0 [::]:ssh                [::]:*                  LISTEN      –               
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     16841    –                   /tmp/ssh-ZBiQGjOj3bvy/agent.2959
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     17223    –                   /run/user/1000/keyring-AuVpEk/ssh
显示网络接口列表：netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0       1500 0   3100980      0      0 0        326281      0      0      0 BMRU
lo        65536 0     36056      0      0 0         36056      0      0      0 LRU
wlan0      1500 0         0      0      0 0             0      0      0      0 BMU

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