https://www.cnblogs.com/ivictor/p/5142809.html
为了加强安全性,MySQL5.7为root用户随机生成了一个密码,在error log中,关于error log的位置,如果安装的是RPM包,则默认是/var/log/mysqld.log。
一般可通过log_error设置
mysql> select @@log_error; +---------------------+ | @@log_error | +---------------------+ | /var/log/mysqld.log | +---------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
可通过# grep “password” /var/log/mysqld.log 命令获取MySQL的临时密码
2016-01-19T05:16:36.218234Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: waQ,qR%be2(5
用该密码登录到服务端后,必须马上修改密码,不然会报如下错误:
mysql> select user(); ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
如果只是修改为一个简单的密码,会报以下错误:
mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '12345678'; ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
这个其实与validate_password_policy的值有关。
validate_password_policy有以下取值:
Policy | Tests Performed |
---|---|
0 or LOW |
Length |
1 or MEDIUM |
Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters |
2 or STRONG |
Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file |
默认是1,即MEDIUM,所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度,且必须含有数字,小写或大写字母,特殊字符。
有时候,只是为了自己测试,不想密码设置得那么复杂,譬如说,我只想设置root的密码为123456。
必须修改两个全局参数:
首先,修改validate_password_policy参数的值
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
这样,判断密码的标准就基于密码的长度了。这个由validate_password_length参数来决定。
mysql> select @@validate_password_length; +----------------------------+ | @@validate_password_length | +----------------------------+ | 8 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
validate_password_length参数默认为8,它有最小值的限制,最小值为:
validate_password_number_count
+ validate_password_special_char_count + (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)
其中,validate_password_number_count指定了密码中数据的长度,validate_password_special_char_count指定了密码中特殊字符的长度,validate_password_mixed_case_count指定了密码中大小字母的长度。
这些参数,默认值均为1,所以validate_password_length最小值为4,如果你显性指定validate_password_length的值小于4,尽管不会报错,但validate_password_length的值将设为4。如下所示:
mysql> select @@validate_password_length; +----------------------------+ | @@validate_password_length | +----------------------------+ | 8 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@validate_password_length; +----------------------------+ | @@validate_password_length | +----------------------------+ | 4 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如果修改了validate_password_number_count,validate_password_special_char_count,validate_password_mixed_case_count中任何一个值,则validate_password_length将进行动态修改。
mysql> select @@validate_password_length; +----------------------------+ | @@validate_password_length | +----------------------------+ | 4 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@validate_password_mixed_case_count; +--------------------------------------+ | @@validate_password_mixed_case_count | +--------------------------------------+ | 1 | +--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@validate_password_mixed_case_count; +--------------------------------------+ | @@validate_password_mixed_case_count | +--------------------------------------+ | 2 | +--------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@validate_password_length; +----------------------------+ | @@validate_password_length | +----------------------------+ | 6 | +----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
当然,前提是validate_password插件必须已经安装,MySQL5.7是默认安装的。
那么如何验证validate_password插件是否安装呢?可通过查看以下参数,如果没有安装,则输出将为空。
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%'; +--------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------------------+-------+ | validate_password_dictionary_file | | | validate_password_length | 6 | | validate_password_mixed_case_count | 2 | | validate_password_number_count | 1 | | validate_password_policy | LOW | | validate_password_special_char_count | 1 | +--------------------------------------+-------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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