linux curl命令详解_curl详解

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curl(CommandLine Uniform Resource Locator),即在命令行中利用URL进行数据或者文件传输。

https://curl.haxx.se/
这是curl的官网。可以从上面的官网地址下载最新的curl版本。同时可以在官网看出curl支持的各种协议(如HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, POP3, POP3S等)、使用途径、curl的开发支持者、以及版本信息。想深入了解curl的伙伴们，可以去官网搜寻自己关注的信息。
本篇文章主要讲述在实际开发过程中，需要用到的常用命令以及其表达的含义。

通过curl -h我们可以获取到所有curl的命令以及其用法描述。

Usage: curl [options...] <url>
Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
--anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H) 可以使用“任何”身份验证方法
-a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)  上传文件时，附加到目标文件
--basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)  使用HTTP基本验证
--cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) 
--capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD]  Client certificate file and password (SSL)
--cert-status   Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL)
--cert-type TYPE  Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
--compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
-K, --config FILE   Read config from FILE
--connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection
--connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level)
-C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer OFFSET
-b, --cookie STRING/FILE  Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H)
-c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to FILE after operation (H)
--create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy
--crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload
--crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
-d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)  HTTP POST方式传送数据
--data-raw DATA  HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H)
--data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)
--data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)
--data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
--delegation STRING  GSS-API delegation permission
--digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)
--disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)
--disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)
--dns-servers   DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2
--dns-interface  Interface to use for DNS requests
--dns-ipv4-addr  IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
--dns-ipv6-addr  IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
-D, --dump-header FILE  Write the received headers to FILE
--egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)
--engine ENGINE  Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL)
--expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H)
-f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
--fail-early    Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
--false-start   Enable TLS False Start.
-F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
--ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)
--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
--ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD]  Control CWD usage (F)
--ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
-P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)
--ftp-skip-pasv-ip  Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
--ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)
--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)
--ftp-ssl-control  Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F)
-G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
-g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
-H, --header LINE   Pass custom header LINE to server (H)
-I, --head          Show document info only
-h, --help          This help text
--hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
-0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
--http1.1       Use HTTP 1.1 (H)
--http2         Use HTTP 2 (H)
--http2-prior-knowledge  Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H)
--ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
-i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
-k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
--interface INTERFACE  Use network INTERFACE (or address)
-4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address
-6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address
-j, --junk-session-cookies  Ignore session cookies read from file (H)
--keepalive-time SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes
--key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
--key-type TYPE  Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F)
--libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
--limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to RATE
-l, --list-only     List only mode (F/POP3)
--local-port RANGE  Force use of RANGE for local port numbers
-L, --location      Follow redirects (H)
--location-trusted  Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H)
--login-options OPTIONS  Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-M, --manual        Display the full manual
--mail-from FROM  Mail from this address (SMTP)
--mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)
--mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email (SMTP)
--max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)
--max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
-m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer
--metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file
--negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H)
-n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password
--netrc-optional  Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
--netrc-file FILE  Specify FILE for netrc
-:, --next          Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options
--no-alpn       Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H)
-N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream
--no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection
--no-npn        Disable the NPN TLS extension (H)
--no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
--noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy
--ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
--ntlm-wb       Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H)
--oauth2-bearer TOKEN  OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-o, --output FILE   Write to FILE instead of stdout
--pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
--path-as-is    Do not squash .. sequences in URL path
--pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL)
--post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
--post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
--post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)
--preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy
-#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar
--proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS
--proto-default PROTOCOL  Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme
--proto-redir PROTOCOLS   Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect
-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]  Use proxy on given port
--proxy-anyauth  Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
--proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy
--proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H)
--proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
--proxy-negotiate  Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
--proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H)
--proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-tlsv1   Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL)
--proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy
--proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy
--proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP)
--proxy-service-name NAME  SPNEGO proxy service name
--service-name NAME  SPNEGO service name
-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password
--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
-p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
--pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)
-Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)
--random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)
-r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE
--raw           Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H)
-e, --referer       Referer URL (H)
-J, --remote-header-name  Use the header-provided filename (H)
-O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file
--remote-name-all  Use the remote file name for all URLs
-R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output
-X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use
--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS
--retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur
--retry-connrefused  Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)
--retry-delay SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between retries
--retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period
--sasl-ir       Enable initial response in SASL authentication
-S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
-s, --silent        Silent mode (don't output anything)
--socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
--socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
--socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
--socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API
--socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
-Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs
-y, --speed-time SECONDS  Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30)
--ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
--ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
-2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)
-3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)
--ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)
--ssl-no-revoke    Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL)
--stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout)
--suppress-connect-headers  Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers
--tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option
--tcp-fastopen  Use TCP Fast Open
-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option
--tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)
--tftp-no-options  Do not send TFTP options requests
-z, --time-cond TIME   Transfer based on a time condition
-1, --tlsv1         Use >= TLSv1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)
--tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)
--tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)
--tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)
--tls-max VERSION  Use TLS up to VERSION (SSL)
--trace FILE    Write a debug trace to FILE
--trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace, but without hex output
--trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
--tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)
-T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination
--url URL       URL to work with
-B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer 使用ASCII文本传输
-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password
--tlsuser USER  TLS username
--tlspassword STRING  TLS password
--tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default: SRP)
--unix-socket PATH    Connect through this Unix domain socket
--abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket
-A, --user-agent STRING  Send User-Agent STRING to server (H)
-v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative
-V, --version       Show version number and quit
-w, --write-out FORMAT  Use output FORMAT after completion
--xattr         Store metadata in extended file attributes
-q, --disable       Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)

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下面我么就对常用的几种命令做一个简单的描述。

curl url(获取该网址的文本信息)

curl www.zhujy.com

这就是获取的www.zhujy.com信息
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

curl -i url(获取该网址的文本信息以及协议头部信息)

curl  -i www.zhujy.com

这就是获取的www.zhujy.com文本信息以及协议头部信息。
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 02:06:55 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Oct 2018 09:52:22 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5bd6d856-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

curl -x proxy url(使用代理获取网页文本信息)

curl -x 47.94.151.148:80 zhujy.com.cn

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<style type="text/css">
/*<![CDATA[*/
body {
background-color: #fff;
color: #000;
font-size: 0.9em;
font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
:link {
color: #c00;
}
:visited {
color: #c00;
}
a:hover {
color: #f50;
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
background-color: #294172;
color: #fff;
font-weight: normal;
font-size: 1.75em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
}
h1 strong {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 1.5em;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
background-color: #3C6EB4;
font-size: 1.1em;
font-weight: bold;
color: #fff;
margin: 0;
padding: 0.5em;
border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
}
hr {
display: none;
}
.content {
padding: 1em 5em;
}
.alert {
border: 2px solid #000;
}
img {
border: 2px solid #fff;
padding: 2px;
margin: 2px;
}
a:hover img {
border: 2px solid #294172;
}
.logos {
margin: 1em;
text-align: center;
}
/*]]>*/
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>
<div class="content">
<p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
<strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
web server installed at this site is working
properly.</p>
<div class="alert">
<h2>Website Administrator</h2>
<div class="content">
<p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
Fedora.  It is located in
<tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>
<p>You should now put your content in a location of
your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
configuration file
<tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="logos">
<a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
src="nginx-logo.png" 
alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
width="121" height="32" /></a>
<a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img 
src="poweredby.png" 
alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]" 
width="88" height="31" /></a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

curl -X POST –header”Content-Type:application/json” –data ‘{}’ url (使用post模拟json格式请求接口)

curl -X POST --header "Content-Type:application/json"  --data '{}'  127.0.0.1:8088/user/getAllUserInfo

{"resultCode":"0","resultMsg":"成功","data":{"userList":[{"id":"a6fc8f27-e598-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"tom","age":"18","address":"北京1","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"24793d7c-e199-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"tom","age":"18","address":"北京3","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"247acf89-e599-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"jerry","age":"18","address":"深圳22","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"247cdafc-e599-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"james","age":"38","address":"广州d4","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"247ed96c-e599-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"curry","age":"58","address":"上海fv","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"24805b4e-e599-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"kaven","age":"78","address":"陇县","stage":"NBA"},{"id":"2481f851-e599-11e8-ba67-00163e14685b","name":"durant","age":"68","address":"富平","stage":"NBA"}]}}

POST 指定请求方式
–header 指定请求头部信息
–data 指定json请求体数据内容

6.curl -I url(仅返回请求头部信息)

curl -I www.zhujy.com.cn

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 03:34:29 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Oct 2018 09:52:22 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5bd6d856-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

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