arm rootfs定制[通俗易懂]

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最近在做rk3288的OS定制，因此将过程中遇到的问题记录下来。

本文主要记录ubuntu 18.04 rootfs制作过程。参考文档：http://opensource.rock-chips.com/wiki_Distribution

1.准备步骤

1. 获取ubuntu base 18.04.3，路径：http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/18.04.3/release/ubuntu-base-18.04.3-base-armhf.tar.gz
2. 解压ubuntu base，命令为：tar -xvpf /path/to/ubuntu-base-armhf -C /path/to/rootfs，其中/path/to/rootfs为解压的目标文件夹，请替换成真实解压路径
3. 安装qemu模拟器，并将其复制到根文件系统，命令为：sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static; sudo cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static /path/to/rootfs/usr/bin/
4. 复制本地DNS到根文件系统，命令为：cp -b /etc/resolv.conf /path/to/rootfs/etc/resolv.conf
5. 修改根文件系统apt源，推荐使用中科大的源，参考附录1

2.chroot到根文件系统

命令为：/path/to/ch-mount.sh -m /path/to/rootfs/，注意结尾的反斜杠是必要的。ch-mount.sh脚本内容见附录2。

3.安装软件

此时已经chroot到根文件系统，安装软件耗时会比较久，安装过程中需要进行keyboard layout的配置，主要安装的包包括lubuntu-core和lxde-core，命令如下：

apt-get update
apt install -y lubuntu-core --no-install-recommends
apt install -y lxde-core --no-install-recommends

4.配置和清理

需要添加用户或者安装其余的包的话可以在这一步执行，命令如下：

useradd -s '/bin/bash' -m -G adm,sudo user
#passwd user
#passwd root

#apt-get install xxx or dpkg -i xxx to install other packages

#cleanup
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
apt clean

5.退出

在chroot的根文件系统中执行exit命令退出，然后执行命令：/path/to/ch-mount.sh -u /path/to/rootfs/，注意结尾的反斜杠是必要的

6.制作rootfs.img

命令为：/path/to/mkimage.sh /path/to/rootfs rootfs.img，mkimg.sh脚本见附录3

附录

附录1. 中科大的apt源：1.sources-18.04.list:

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ bionic-security multiverse

附录2. ch-mount.sh脚本：

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount -t sysfs /sys sys
    sudo mount -o bind /dev dev

    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev

}


if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

附录3. mkimg.sh脚本：

#!/bin/bash

rootfs_dir=$1
rootfs_file=$2
rootfs_mnt="mnt"

if [ ! $rootfs_dir ] || [ ! $rootfs_file ];
then
        echo "Folder or target is empty."
        exit 0
fi

if [ -f "$rootfs_file" ]; then
    echo "-- Delete exist $rootfs_file ..."
    rm -f "$rootfs_file"
fi

echo "-- Create $rootfs_file ..."
dd if=/dev/zero of="$rootfs_file" bs=1M count=4096
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F -L linuxroot "$rootfs_file"

if [ ! -d "$rootfs_mnt" ]; then
        mkdir $rootfs_mnt
fi

echo "-- Copy data to $rootfs_file ..."
sudo mount $rootfs_file $rootfs_mnt
sudo cp -rfp $rootfs_dir/* $rootfs_mnt
sudo sync
sudo umount $rootfs_mnt
rm -r $rootfs_mnt

echo "-- Resize $rootfs_file ..."
/sbin/e2fsck -p -f "$rootfs_file"
/sbin/resize2fs -M "$rootfs_file"

echo "-- Done."