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■ 问题由来

手边有一台相对比较古老的Tektronix的示波器TDS3054D示波器，四通道的。它可以通过联网获得波形的图片。对于记录观察到的波形相对比较方便。
▲ 示波器及其联网获得屏幕图片

^{▲ 示波器及其联网获得屏幕图片}

在截取示波器波形窗口的过程中，由于上面出现红色的字体（ HOME:TDS3054B AA (192.168.0.101) ）的影响，经常使得截取图片出现不完整，因此希望通过软件（PYTHON 程序）自动完成精细截取的过程。

▲ 截取示波器波形窗口

^{▲ 截取示波器波形窗口}

TDS3054B的显示模式包括两种：

普通显示模式： 示波器的主要参数和测量参数显示在波形窗口外边；
测量显示模式： 示波器的参数和波形测量参数显示在波形窗口内部；

这两种模式可以通过示波器前面板的“MEASURE”按钮，和显示液晶屏下面的“MENU”窗口来进行切换。

▲ 两种显示模式|左：普通显示模式；右：测量参数显示模式

^{▲ 两种显示模式|左：普通显示模式；右：测量参数显示模式}

因此，需要对上述两种情况下粗略截取的屏幕图片进行精细截取。

01编程方法

1.基本方案

使用 TEASOFT 软件完成对示波器网页粗截取，将图片存储在Windows的 剪切板 。然后使用PYTHON程序完成对图片的精细裁剪。

2.PYTHON获取剪切板上的图片

根据 Grab Image From clipboard in Python with Pilow 中的介绍，使用PIL中的ImageGrab中的grabclipboard命令获得Clipboard中的图片数据。

from PIL                    import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grabclipboard()
imgdata = img.getdata()

3.对图片进行精确裁剪

使用img.getdata()获取图片的RGB阵列，通过sum,reshape对图片转换成灰度阵列。

imggray = sum(array(img.getdata()), axis=1).reshape(img.size[::-1])/3
imgcolumn = sum(imggray, axis=1) / img.size[1]
imgrow = sum(imggray, axis=0) / img.size[0]

需要说明的是，img.size()给出的是图片的（列数、行数），但图片的灰度数据是按照“从上往下（按照列）进行扫描，再从左到右（按照行）进行扫描”。所有在reshape（）中使用了img.size[::-1]来调整img.size的顺序。

下面给出了测试图片（左）对应的数据尺寸，以及对应的imgcolumn, imgrow的曲线。

截取示波器网络图片[通俗易懂]

对于普通显示模式的图片，只需要在粗剪切图上，确定最上面的空隙和最右边的空隙位置即可。

imgcolumn = sum(imggray, axis=1) / img.size[0]
imgrow = sum(imggray, axis=0) / img.size[1]

imgleftid = int(img.size[0] / 4)
imgtopid = int(img.size[1] / 4)
imgrightid = img.size[0] - imgleftid
imgbottomid = img.size[1] - imgtopid

imgleft = imgrow[0:imgleftid]
imgright = imgrow[imgrightid:]
imgtop = imgcolumn[0:imgtopid]
imgbottom = imgcolumn[imgbottomid:]

imgleftside = list(imgleft).index(min(imgleft)) - 32
imgrightside = list(imgright).index(min(imgright)) + imgrightid + 5
imgtopside = list(imgtop).index(min(imgtop)) - 30
imgbottomside = list(imgbottom).index(min(imgbottom)) + imgbottomid + 32

if imgtopside < 0:  imgtopside = 0
if imgleftside < 0: imgleftside = 0
if imgrightside > img.size[0]:  imgrightside = img.size[0]
if imgbottomside > img.size[1]: imgbottomside = img.size[1]

imgcrop = img.crop([imgleftside, imgtopside, imgrightside, imgbottomside])
imgcrop.show()

4.PYTHON拷贝图片到剪切板

from io     import BytesIO
import      win32clipboard

#------------------------------------------------------------
def send_to_clipboard(clip_type, data):
    win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
    win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
    win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(clip_type, data)
    win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()

output = BytesIO()
imgcrop.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
data = output.getvalue()[14:]
output.close()
send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)

5.嵌入CSDNPP

在原来的csdnpp命令中，增加命令参数的判断：

** csdnpp #arg** : 先调用oscimgcrop：适用于普通显示模式
csdnpp @arg: 先调用 oscimgcrop 4 : 适用于参数测量模式

#------------------------------------------------------------
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    if sys.argv[1][0] == '#':
        sys.argv[1] = sys.argv[1][1:]

        tspexecutepythoncmd('oscimgcrop')
        time.sleep(2)
    elif sys.argv[1][0] == '@':
        sys.argv[1] = sys.argv[1][1:]

        tspexecutepythoncmd('oscimgcrop 4')
        time.sleep(2)

※ PYTHOH 命令程序

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# TEST1.PY -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-07-20
#
# Note:
#============================================================

from headm import *
from PIL                    import ImageGrab
from io     import BytesIO
import      win32clipboard

#------------------------------------------------------------
def send_to_clipboard(clip_type, data):
    win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
    win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
    win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(clip_type, data)
    win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()

#------------------------------------------------------------
bottomsideappend = 32

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    bottomsideappend = int(sys.argv[1])

#------------------------------------------------------------
tspbeep(1800, 100)
img = ImageGrab.grabclipboard()
imgdata = img.getdata()
printf(img.size)

tspbeep(1200, 50)
#img.show()

imggray = sum(array(img.getdata()), axis=1).reshape(img.size[::-1])/3

imgcolumn = sum(imggray, axis=1) / img.size[0]
imgrow = sum(imggray, axis=0) / img.size[1]

imgleftid = int(img.size[0] / 4)
imgtopid = int(img.size[1] / 4)
imgrightid = img.size[0] - imgleftid
imgbottomid = img.size[1] - imgtopid

imgleft = imgrow[0:imgleftid]
imgright = imgrow[imgrightid:]
imgtop = imgcolumn[0:imgtopid]
imgbottom = imgcolumn[imgbottomid:]

imgleftside = list(imgleft).index(min(imgleft)) - 32
imgrightside = list(imgright).index(min(imgright)) + imgrightid + 5
imgtopside = list(imgtop).index(min(imgtop)) - 30
imgbottomside = list(imgbottom).index(min(imgbottom)) + imgbottomid + bottomsideappend

if imgtopside < 0:  imgtopside = 0
if imgleftside < 0: imgleftside = 0
if imgrightside > img.size[0]:  imgrightside = img.size[0]
if imgbottomside > img.size[1]: imgbottomside = img.size[1]

imgcrop = img.crop([imgleftside, imgtopside, imgrightside, imgbottomside])

output = BytesIO()
imgcrop.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
data = output.getvalue()[14:]
output.close()
send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)

printf('\a')

#------------------------------------------------------------
# END OF FILE : TEST1.PY
#============================================================

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# CSDNPP.PY -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-02-04
#
# Note:
#============================================================

from head import *

csdn_window = '写文章-CSDN博客'

#------------------------------------------------------------
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    if sys.argv[1][0] == '#':
        sys.argv[1] = sys.argv[1][1:]

        tspexecutepythoncmd('oscimgcrop')
        time.sleep(2)
    elif sys.argv[1][0] == '@':
        sys.argv[1] = sys.argv[1][1:]

        tspexecutepythoncmd('oscimgcrop 4')
        time.sleep(2)

tspfocuswindow(csdn_window)
#------------------------------------------------------------
tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1, noreturn=1)
time.sleep(1)

for i in range(10):
    time.sleep(.25)
    printf('\a')
    readdata = tspread()
    if readdata[7] != 0: continue
    if readdata[8] != 0: continue
    if readdata[9] != 0: continue
    break

#------------------------------------------------------------
for i in range(5):
    time.sleep(.25)
    readdata = tspread()
    if readdata[7] != 0: exit()
    if readdata[8] != 0: exit()
    if readdata[9] != 0: exit()

    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'ac', control=1, noreturn=1)
# tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'c', control=1)
    if clipboard.paste().find('在这里插入图片描述') >= 0:
        tspbeep(1500, 200)
        time.sleep(0.25)

        break

    printf('\a')

#------------------------------------------------------------
#tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'a', control=1)
#tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'c', control=1)

picurllink = ''

pastestr = clipboard.paste().split('![在这里插入图片描述](')
if len(pastestr) < 2:
    printf("Can not find the ![Insert picture] discriptor !\a")
    exit()

    for i in range(2):
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, '%c'%M1_END, vk=1)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1)
        time.sleep(0.25)
        printf('\a')
        time.sleep(.25)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'a', control=1)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'c', control=1)

        pastestr = clipboard.paste().split('![在这里插入图片描述](')
        if len(pastestr) >= 2: break

if len(pastestr) < 2:
    printf("Can not find the [Insert picture] discriptor !\a")
    exit()

#------------------------------------------------------------
tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'z', control=1, noreturn=1)

#------------------------------------------------------------

pastestr = pastestr[1].split(')')[0]

printf(pastestr)
pastestr = pastestr.split('?')[0]

#------------------------------------------------------------
widthstr = ''

#------------------------------------------------------------
if len(sys.argv) <= 1:
# insertstr = tspi nput().rstrip('\r').split(' ')
# insertstring = insertstr[0]
    insertstr = ''
    insertstring = ''

    if len(insertstr) > 1:
        if insertstring[-1].isdigit:
            insertstring = ' '.join(insertstr[:-1])
            widthstr = '=%sx'%insertstr[-1]
        else: insertstring = ' '.join(insertstr)
else:
    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
        insertstring = sys.argv[1]
# if insertstring[0] == '=':
# insertstring = ''
# widthstr = sys.argv[1] + 'x'
        if insertstring.isdigit() or insertstring[0] == '=':
            insertstring = ''
            widthstr = '=' + sys.argv[1] + 'x'

    elif len(sys.argv) == 3:
        if sys.argv[2].isdigit():
            insertstring = sys.argv[1]
            widthstr = '=%sx'%sys.argv[2]
        else: insertstring = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:3])
    else:
        if sys.argv[-1].isdigit():
            insertstring = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:-1])
            widthstr = '=%sx'%sys.argv[-1]
        else: insertstring = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:])

#------------------------------------------------------------
if len(insertstring) == 0:
    insertstring = '![%s](%s#pic_center %s)\r\n\r\n'%(insertstring, pastestr, widthstr)
    clipboard.copy(insertstring)
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1, noreturn=1)
    exit()

if insertstring[-1] == '.':
    insertstring = '[**%s**](%s)'%(insertstring[0:-1], pastestr)
    clipboard.copy(insertstring)
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1, noreturn=1)
    exit()

if len(insertstring) >= 2:
    if insertstring[-1:] == '。':
        insertstring = '[**%s**](%s)'%(insertstring[0:-1], pastestr)
        clipboard.copy(insertstring)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1, noreturn=1)
        exit()

#------------------------------------------------------------

pic_pos_str = 'pic_center'
if len(insertstring) >= 2:
    if insertstring[0:2] == '[ ':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_left'
    elif insertstring[0:2] == '[[':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_left'
    elif insertstring[0:2] == '] ':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_right'
    elif insertstring[0:2] == ']]':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_right'
    elif insertstring[0:2] == '[]':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_center'
    elif insertstring[0:2] == '][':
        insertstring = insertstring[2:]
        pic_pos_str = 'pic_center'

#------------------------------------------------------------
atid = insertstring.find('@')
if atid >= 0:
    picurllink = insertstring[atid+1:]
    insertstring = insertstring[:atid]

else:
    atid = insertstring.find('https://')
    if atid < 0: atid = insertstring.find('http://')

    if atid >= 0:
        picurllink = insertstring[atid:]
        insertstring = insertstring[:atid]

#------------------------------------------------------------
insertsect = insertstring.split('||')
morestring = ""

if len(insertsect) > 1:
    insertstring = insertsect[0]

    for s in insertsect[1:]:
        if pic_pos_str == 'pic_left':
            morestring = morestring + '\r\n<sup>``%s``</sup>'%(s.strip(' '))
        else:
            morestring = morestring + '<center><sup>``%s``</sup></center>'%(s.strip(' '))

if len(insertstring) > 0:
    insertstring = '▲ ' + insertstring
    if pic_pos_str == 'pic_left':
        insertstring = '![%s](%s#%s %s)\r\n<sup>``%s``</sup>%s\r\n'%(insertstring, pastestr, pic_pos_str, widthstr, insertstring, morestring)
    else:
        insertstring = '![%s](%s#%s %s)<center><sup>``%s``</sup></center>%s\r\n'%(insertstring, pastestr, pic_pos_str, widthstr, insertstring, morestring)

else:
    insertstring = '![%s](%s#%s %s)\r\n'%(insertstring, pastestr, pic_pos_str, widthstr)

#------------------------------------------------------------
if len(picurllink) > 0:
    insertstring = '[%s](%s)'%(insertstring, picurllink)

#------------------------------------------------------------
clipboard.copy(insertstring)
tspsendwindowkey(csdn_window, 'v', control=1,noreturn=1)

time.sleep(.2)
clipboard.copy('')
tspfocuswindow(csdn_window)

#------------------------------------------------------------
# END OF FILE : CSDNPP.PY
#============================================================