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LAMP 架构搭建

1. LAMP架构简介

所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。

LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。

2. 架构说明

apache主要实现如下功能：

第一：处理http的请求、构建响应报文等自身服务；

第二：配置让Apache支持PHP程序的响应（通过PHP模块或FPM）；

第三：配置Apache具体处理php程序的方法，如通过反向代理将php程序交给fcgi处理。

mariadb主要实现如下功能：

第一：提供PHP程序对数据的存储；

第二：提供PHP程序对数据的读取(通常情况下从性能的角度考虑，尽量实现数据库的读写分离)。

php主要实现如下功能：

第一：提供apache的访问接口，即CGI或Fast CGI(FPM);

第二：提供PHP程序的解释器；

第三：提供mairadb数据库的连接函数的基本环境。

由此可知，要实现LAMP在配置每一个服务时，安装功能需求进行配置，即可实现LAMP的架构，当然apache、mariadb和php服务都可配置为独立服务，安装在不同服务器之上。

3. 安装httpd

// 安装开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groups mark install 'Development Tools'

//创建用户
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache

//安装依赖包
yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make

//拉取软件包
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz       debug                kernels
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz  httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz

//解压软件包
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 
[root@localhost src]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 
[root@localhost src]# tar xf httpd-2.4.49.tar.gz 

//进入apr-1.7.0的configure删除这一行
$RM "$cfgfile"

//编译apr 
[root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr && make && make install

//编译apr-util
[root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ && make && make install 

//编译安装httpd
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.49]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork

[root@localhost httpd-2.4.49]# make && make install

//设置环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh

//头文件软连接
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache 

//帮助文档
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/apache/m
an

//取消注释
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ServerName www.example.com:80

//编写服务控制脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service 
[Unit]
Description=HTTPD server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

//设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd 
● httpd.service - HTTPD server daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; >
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-09-23 15:59:20 >
  Process: 175327 ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl>
  Process: 177184 ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachect>
 Main PID: 177187 (httpd)

4. 安装mysq

// 安装依赖包
[root@localhost src]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs
//创建用户
[root@localhost src]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
//下载二进制包
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
//解压软件包
[root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//更改软件名 更改属主属组
[root@localhost ]# mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql 
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache  apr-util  etc    include  lib64    mysql  share
apr     bin       games  lib      libexec  sbin   src
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
//环境变量
[root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
//头文件软连接
[root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
//帮助文档
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man
//库文件
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf 
[root@localhost local]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
[root@localhost local]# ldconfig 
//创建数据存放目录
[root@localhost local]# mkdir /opt/data 
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
//初始化
[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir /opt/data 
2021-09-23T08:15:13.057224Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-09-23T08:15:13.230890Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-09-23T08:15:13.262164Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-09-23T08:15:13.317069Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 60745fa2-1c46-11ec-af59-000c2988823d.
2021-09-23T08:15:13.317667Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-09-23T08:15:14.097910Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-09-23T08:15:14.237198Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.
//编写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
//服务控制脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=Mysql server daemon
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
//设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port  Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*    
LISTEN 0      80                 *:3306             *:*    
LISTEN 0      128                *:80               *:*    
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22            [::]:* 
//设置密码
mysql> set password = password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

5. 安装php

//下载软件包
https://www.php.net/downloads.php#v8.0.10
//解压
[root@localhost src]# tar xf php-8.0.10.tar.xz 
[root@localhost src]# ls
//安装依赖包
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma libzip-devel
//编译安装
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--enable-fpm \
--disable-debug \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-shared \
--enable-soap \
--with-openssl \
--enable-bcmath \
--with-iconv \
--with-bz2 \
--enable-calendar \
--with-curl \
--enable-exif  \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-gd \
--with-jpeg \
--with-zlib-dir \
--with-freetype \
--with-gettext \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-pdo \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--with-readline \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-simplexml \
--enable-sockets \
--with-zip \
--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \
--with-pear \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-posix
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# make && make install
//环境变量
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
//配置php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini 
cp：是否覆盖'/etc/php.ini'？ y
[root@localhost fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@localhost php-8.0.10]# cd /usr/local/php8/
[root@localhost php8]# ls
bin  etc  include  lib  php  sbin  var
[root@localhost php8]# cd etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf  www.conf.default
//取消httpd.conf的注释
[root@localhost fpm]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
//编写测试文件
[root@localhost apache]# cat htdocs/test/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//配置虚拟主机
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test"
ServerName www.xym.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/test">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>  
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
//搜索AddType，添加以下内容
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php        #添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps        #添加此行
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 
//启动php httpd
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start
[root@localhost apache]# systemctl restart httpd 
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ss -antl 
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port  Peer Address:Port 
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:9000       0.0.0.0:*    
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*    
LISTEN 0      80                 *:3306             *:*    
LISTEN 0      128                *:80               *:*    
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22            [::]:*