Petshop4

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一、Petshop4解决方案

Petshop4

Petshop4代码和数据库：下载

Petshop4详解：下载

安装要求：

Operating System: Windows XP SP2 or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft.NET Framework 2.0
Microsoft SQL Server 2005, SQL Server Express, or Oracle 10g
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET 2005

后续步骤：

1、手动编译：运行<Pet Shop 4 Install Folder>\Build.bat，将编译整个解决方案。

2、用VisualStudio自带的浏览器运行：

（1）打开解决方案。Start Menu | All Programs | Microsoft .NET Pet Shop 4 | Petshop.sln

（2）设置Web项目为启动项目

（3）右键单击“解决方案”节点，点“构建”

（4）打开Web项目，右键单击“Default.aspx”，点“在浏览器中查看”

（5）如果安装了Membership/Profile数据库，系统会创建12个帐号，即demo, AdamBarr, KimAbercrombie,RobYoung, TomYoutsey, GaryWYukish, RobCaron, KarinZimprich, RandallBoseman, KevinKennedy, DianeTibbott, 或GarrettYoung。密码是pass@word1

3、运行在windows server 2003的IIS上

（1）先解密web.config文件中的连接串。

点击<Pet Shop 4 Install Folder>\DecryptWebConfig.bat解密连接串。不解密的话IIS会报错。

（2）由于2003IIS的.net版本最高为2.0。笔者在编译Petshop的Web项目时，需要设置属性页的“目标Framework”为2.0。如下图：

Petshop4

（3）视情况修改web.config中的数据库连接串，确保能正确连上数据库。

（4）将Web文件夹实施到IIS中。

Petshop4

运行效果如下：

Petshop4

二、Petshop4体系结构

Petshop4

三、Petshop三层结构总结

1、表记录 –> 实体类

将Category数据库表中的单个记录定义为一个类（叫产品实体），类的属性就是数据库表中每个记录的字段。产品实体承载数据表的记录。所有实体类的集合形成了Petshop中Model模块。Category实体的代码如下所示：

using System;

namespace PetShop.Model {

public
class CategoryInfo {


//属性


private
string id;


private
string name;


private
string description;

public CategoryInfo() { }

public CategoryInfo(
string id,
string name,
string description) {


this.id = id;


this.name = name;


this.description = description;

        }

//
属性的get操作


public
string Id {


get {
return id; }

        }


public
string Name {


get {
return name; }

        }


public
string Description {


get {
return description; }

        }

    }

}

2、记录的删改增查等操作 -> 转换成访问数据库的函数 -> 函数组织到一起形成类

3、-> 由于数据库多样性&访库操作的一致性(不外乎删改增查操作) -> 抽象出一个接口

数据访问层采用“面向接口编程”思想，抽象出来的IDAL模块，脱离了与具体数据库的依赖，从而使得整个数据访问层利于数据库迁移。SQLServerDAL和OracleDAL模块均实现IDAL模块的接口，其中包含的逻辑就是对数据库的Select，Insert，Update和Delete操作。因为数据库类型的不同，对数据库的操作也有所不同，代码也会因此有所区别。

using System;

using PetShop.Model;

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace PetShop.IDAL{

///

<summary>


///
类别数据访问层的接口

///

</summary>


public
interface ICategory {

///

<summary>


///
此方法用于获得所有宠物类别

///

</summary>


///

<returns>
此接口用于生成普通类别的模型集合
</returns>

        IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories();

///

<summary>


///
获取某个宠物类别的信息

///

</summary>


///

<param name=”categoryId”>
宠物的唯一标示符
</param>


///

<returns>
描述一个宠物业务逻辑的实体类
</returns>

        CategoryInfo GetCategory(
string categoryId);

    }

}

针对SQLServer数据库的实现

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.SqlClient;

using PetShop.Model;

using PetShop.IDAL;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using PetShop.DBUtility;

namespace PetShop.SQLServerDAL {

public
class Category : ICategory {

//
声明静态变量


private
const
string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES =
“
SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category
“;


private
const
string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY =
“
SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category WHERE CategoryId = @CategoryId
“;


private
const
string PARM_CATEGORY_ID =
“
@CategoryId
“;

///

<summary>


///
此方法用于获得所有宠物类别信息

///

</summary>



public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories() {

IList<CategoryInfo> categories =
new List<CategoryInfo>();

//
执行获取所有宠物类别的SQL语句


using(SqlDataReader rdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES,
null)) {


while (rdr.Read()) {

                    CategoryInfo cat =
new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(
0), rdr.GetString(
1), rdr.GetString(
2));

                    categories.Add(cat);

                }

            }


return categories;

        }

///

<summary>


///
根据提供的id ,获取指定的单个宠物类别信息

///

</summary>


///

<param name=”categoryId”>
宠物类别标识码d
</param>


///

<returns>
单个宠物类别的详细资料
</returns>


public CategoryInfo GetCategory(
string categoryId) {

//
设置一个返回值

CategoryInfo category =
null;

//
创建一个参数

            SqlParameter parm =
new SqlParameter(PARM_CATEGORY_ID, SqlDbType.VarChar,
10);


//
绑定参数

            parm.Value = categoryId;

//
执行查询


using (SqlDataReader rdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY, parm)) {


if (rdr.Read())

                    category =
new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(
0), rdr.GetString(
1), rdr.GetString(
2));


else

                    category =
new CategoryInfo();

            }


return category;

        }

///

<summary>


///
为创建宠物类别创建一个SqlCommand对象

///

</summary>


///

<param name=”id”>
宠物类别码
</param>


///

<returns>
用于找回宠物类别的sql命令
</returns>


public
static SqlCommand GetCommand() {


return
new SqlCommand(SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES);

        }

    }

}

针对Oracle数据库的实现

using System;

using System.Data;

using System.Data.OracleClient;

using PetShop.Model;

using PetShop.IDAL;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using PetShop.DBUtility;

namespace PetShop.OracleDAL {

public
class Category : ICategory {

//
Static constants


private
const
string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES =
“
SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category
“;


private
const
string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY =
“
SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category WHERE CategoryId = :CategoryId
“;


private
const
string PARM_CATEGORY_ID =
“
:CategoryId
“;

///

<summary>


///
Method to get all categories

///

</summary>


public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories() {

IList<CategoryInfo> categories =
new List<CategoryInfo>();

//
Execute a query to read the categories


using(OracleDataReader rdr = OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES,
null)) {


while (rdr.Read()) {

                    CategoryInfo cat =
new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(
0), rdr.GetString(
1), rdr.GetString(
2));

                    categories.Add(cat);

                }

            }

return categories;

}

///

<summary>


///
Get an individual category based on a provided id

///

</summary>


///

<param name=”categoryId”>
Category id
</param>


///

<returns>
Details about the Category
</returns>


public CategoryInfo GetCategory(
string categoryId) {

//
Set up a return value

CategoryInfo category =
null;

//
Create a parameter

            OracleParameter parm =
new OracleParameter(PARM_CATEGORY_ID, OracleType.Char,
10);


//
Bind the parameter

            parm.Value = categoryId;

//
Execute the query


using (OracleDataReader rdr = OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY, parm)) {


if (rdr.Read())

                    category =
new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(
0), rdr.GetString(
1), rdr.GetString(
2));


else

                    category =
new CategoryInfo();

            }


return category;

        }

    }

}

4、到配置文件中做“决定”

用户如何决定用哪种访问数据的类来访问数据库？用户不必关心。因为这个决定写在配置文件web.config中了。迁移到另一种数据时，只需修改web.config，而不需要修改代码。为了做到这一点，.NET用反射。代码如下：

web.config如下：

<?xml version=
“
1.0
“?>

<configuration xmlns=
“
http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0
“>

    <connectionStrings>

        <!– SQL connection
string
for Profile database –>

        <add name=
“
SQLProfileConnString
“ connectionString=
“
server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Profile;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.SqlClient
“/>

        <!– SQL connection
string
for Membership database –>

        <add name=
“
SQLMembershipConnString
“ connectionString=
“
server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Services;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.SqlClient
“/>

        <!– SQL connection
string
for Inventory database lookup –>

        <add name=
“
SQLConnString1
“ connectionString=
“
server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.SqlClient
“/>

        <!– SQL connection
string
for handling transactions on the Inventory database–>

        <add name=
“
SQLConnString2
“ connectionString=
“
server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=1024
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.SqlClient
“/>

        <!– SQL connection
string
for Orders database–>

        <add name=
“
SQLConnString3
“ connectionString=
“
server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Orders;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=1024
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.SqlClient
“/>

        <!– Oracle connection strings–>

        <add name=
“
OraProfileConnString
“ connectionString=
“
Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPPROFILE;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.OracleClient
“/>

        <add name=
“
OraMembershipConnString
“ connectionString=
“
Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPMEMBERSHIP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.OracleClient
“/>

        <add name=
“
OraConnString1
“ connectionString=
“
Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.OracleClient
“></add>

        <add name=
“
OraConnString2
“ connectionString=
“
Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.OracleClient
“></add>

        <add name=
“
OraConnString3
“ connectionString=
“
Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPORDERS;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4
“ providerName=
“
System.Data.OracleClient
“></add>

    </connectionStrings>

    <appSettings>

        <!– Pet Shop DAL configuration settings –>

        <!–设置数据库连接类型  value 此数据库联接类 –>

        <add key=“WebDAL“ value=“PetShop.SQLServerDAL“/>
        <add key=“OrdersDAL“ value=“PetShop.SQLServerDAL“/>

        <add key=
“
ProfileDAL
“ value=
“
PetShop.SQLProfileDAL
“/>

对数据库中所有表的操作接口打成包方便统一访问，Petshop中叫数据库访问层工厂。如下：

using System.Reflection;

using System.Configuration;

namespace PetShop.DALFactory {

public
sealed
class DataAccess {

//
查找我们将要使用的数据访问层


private
static
readonly
string path = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[
“
WebDAL
“];
//对照web.config，此时path的值为“PetShop.SQLServerDAL
”。表示该系统使用了SQLServer数据库。


private
static
readonly
string orderPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[
“
OrdersDAL
“];




private DataAccess() { }


//
实现 CreateCategory 方法，用于创建Category类实例


public
static PetShop.IDAL.ICategory CreateCategory() {


string className = path +
“
.Category
“;


//
利用反射技术，动态加载指定类型


return (PetShop.IDAL.ICategory)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);

        }


//
实现 CreateInventory 方法，用于创建Inventory类实例


public
static PetShop.IDAL.IInventory CreateInventory() {


string className = path +
“
.Inventory
“;


return (PetShop.IDAL.IInventory)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);

        }


//
实现 CreateItem 方法，用于创建Item类实例


public
static PetShop.IDAL.IItem CreateItem() {


string className = path +
“
.Item
“;


return (PetShop.IDAL.IItem)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);

        }


//
实现 CreateOrder 方法，用于创建Order类实例


public
static PetShop.IDAL.IOrder CreateOrder() {


string className = orderPath +
“
.Order
“;


return (PetShop.IDAL.IOrder)Assembly.Load(orderPath).CreateInstance(className);

        }


//
实现 CreateProduct 方法，用于创建Product类实例


public
static PetShop.IDAL.IProduct CreateProduct() {


string className = path +
“
.Product
“;


return (PetShop.IDAL.IProduct)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);

        }

    }

}

以上是数据库访问层的内容

5、业务逻辑层必须独立

既然是逻辑，那么该层处理的内容可以说基本上是一些if…else等等。另外，业务逻辑层需要访问数据库时，是通过“数据库访问层工厂”进行的，不再是直接在里面傻傻的写sql语句。

using System.Collections.Generic;

using PetShop.Model;

using PetShop.IDAL;

namespace PetShop.BLL

{


///

<summary>


///
实现有关宠物类别的业务逻辑类

///

</summary>


public
class Category

    {


//
从数据访问层工厂类得到一个种类的数据访问层的实例

//
确保这个静态可以在初始化后缓存数据访问层


private static readonly ICategory dal = PetShop.DALFactory.DataAccess.CreateCategory(); 通过数据访问层工厂访问数据库




public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories()

        {


return dal.GetCategories();

        }