RabbitMQ消息监听异常问题探究「建议收藏」

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问题场景

在使用Spring RabbitMQ做消息监听时，如果监听程序处理异常了，且未对异常进行捕获，会一直重复接收消息，然后一直抛异常。为了更好的描述问题，下面写个简单的例子。

通过访问null对象来引发空指针异常，消息监听处理程序代码清单:

package amqp;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class FooMessageListener implements MessageListener { 
   

    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message) { 
   
        String messageBody = new String(message.getBody());
        System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + messageBody + "'");
        String nullStr = null;
        nullStr.toString();
    }
}

往消息监听队列发送一条消息，控制台不停打印异常日志：

18:55:32.816 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:32.979 [pool-1-thread-10] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:32.979 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Received message: (Body:'Hello, world!' MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=, receivedRoutingKey=directQueue, receivedDelay=null, deliveryTag=1, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA, consumerQueue=directQueue])
 [x] Received 'Hello, world!'
18:55:38.191 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] WARN org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler - Execution of Rabbit message listener failed.
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.exception.ListenerExecutionFailedException: Listener threw exception
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.wrapToListenerExecutionFailedExceptionIfNeeded(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:870)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:780)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:700)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$001(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:95)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$1.invokeListener(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:187)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1187)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.executeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:681)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.doReceiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1165)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.receiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1149)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$1100(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:95)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.run(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1312)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at amqp.FooMessageListener.onMessage(FooMessageListener.java:16)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessageListenerAdapter.java:282)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:777)
	... 10 common frames omitted
18:55:38.192 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Rejecting messages (requeue=true)
18:55:38.193 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:38.194 [pool-1-thread-3] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:38.195 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Received message: (Body:'Hello, world!' MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=true, receivedExchange=, receivedRoutingKey=directQueue, receivedDelay=null, deliveryTag=2, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA, consumerQueue=directQueue])
 [x] Received 'Hello, world!'
18:55:55.226 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] WARN org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler - Execution of Rabbit message listener failed.
org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.exception.ListenerExecutionFailedException: Listener threw exception
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.wrapToListenerExecutionFailedExceptionIfNeeded(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:870)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:780)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:700)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$001(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:95)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$1.invokeListener(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:187)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.invokeListener(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1187)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.executeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:681)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.doReceiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1165)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.receiveAndExecute(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1149)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer.access$1100(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:95)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer$AsyncMessageProcessingConsumer.run(SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java:1312)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null
	at amqp.FooMessageListener.onMessage(FooMessageListener.java:16)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter.onMessage(MessageListenerAdapter.java:282)
	at org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.AbstractMessageListenerContainer.doInvokeListener(AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java:777)
	... 10 common frames omitted
18:55:55.226 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Rejecting messages (requeue=true)
18:55:55.227 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Retrieving delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:55.229 [pool-1-thread-4] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Storing delivery for Consumer: tags=[{amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA=directQueue}], channel=Cached Rabbit Channel: AMQChannel(amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/,1), conn: Proxy@fd85a26 Shared Rabbit Connection: SimpleConnection@68887242 [delegate=amqp://it@192.168.48.59:5672/, localPort= 49412], acknowledgeMode=AUTO local queue size=0
18:55:55.230 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer#0-2] DEBUG org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.BlockingQueueConsumer - Received message: (Body:'Hello, world!' MessageProperties [headers={}, timestamp=null, messageId=null, userId=null, receivedUserId=null, appId=null, clusterId=null, type=null, correlationId=null, correlationIdString=null, replyTo=null, contentType=text/plain, contentEncoding=UTF-8, contentLength=0, deliveryMode=null, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, expiration=null, priority=0, redelivered=true, receivedExchange=, receivedRoutingKey=directQueue, receivedDelay=null, deliveryTag=3, messageCount=0, consumerTag=amq.ctag-s5myKVHHeP4FbTGIH0hyeA, consumerQueue=directQueue])

问题来了：为什么异常时会一直重复接收这条消息？

抓包验证

消息监听程序异常的过程到底发生了什么？为了一探究竟，笔者使用Wireshark抓包工具来查看消息处理过程。

首先，修改下监听程序，收到字符串exception时产生异常

 @Override
 public void onMessage(Message message) { 
   
     String messageBody = new String(message.getBody());
     System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + messageBody + "'");
     if(messageBody.equals("exception")){ 
   
         String nullStr = null;
         nullStr.toString();
     }
 }

1.监听程序正常处理情况

启动监听程序，Wireshark抓包情况：

我们主要关注最后一列，这一列展示了请求的AMQP协议方法信息，AMQP协议方法包含类名+方法名+参数，这一列主要展示了类名和方法名，点击对应行可以查看参数信息。比如上图：

• Connection.Start：请求服务端开始建立连接
• Channel.Open：请求服务端建立信道
• Queue.Declare：声明队列
• Basic.Consume：开始一个消费者，请求指定队列的消息

AMQP协议方法更详细介绍可以查看官网

然后，通过客户端发送一条消息

RabbitTemplate template = ctx.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);
template.convertAndSend("ok");

抓包：

分析：

• Basic.Publish： 客户端发送Basic.Publish方法请求，将消息发布到exchange，rabbitmq server会根据路由规则转发到队列中
• Basic.Deliver： 服务端发送Basic.Deliver方法请求，投递消息到监听队列的客户端消费者
• Basic.Ack： 客户端发送Basic.Ack方法请求，告知rabbimq server,消息已接收处理

2.监听程序异常处理情况

通过客户端发送exception字符串，制造异常

RabbitTemplate template = ctx.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);
template.convertAndSend("exception");

抓包：

分析：

• Basic.Reject： 客户端发送Basic.Reject方法请求，表示无法处理消息，拒绝消息，此时的requeue参数为true，将消息返回原来的队列
• Basic.Deliver： 服务端调用Basic.Deliver方法，和第一次Basic.Deliver方法不同的是，此时的redeliver参数为true，表示重新投递消息到监听队列的消费者

然后这两步会一直重复下去。对于Basic.Reject方法，可以设置requeue参数为false，这样消息无法处理的时候就不会重新入队了，他会根据异常类型选择直接丢弃或加入dead-letter-exchange中。Spring RabbitMQ配置：

<!--配置监听-->
<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" requeue-rejected="false">
    <rabbit:listener ref="fooMessageListener" queue-names="directQueue" />
</rabbit:listener-container>

结论

RabbitMQ消息监听程序异常时，消费者会向rabbitmq server发送Basic.Reject，表示消息拒绝接受，由于Spring默认requeue-rejected配置为true，消息会重新入队，然后rabbitmq server重新投递，造成了程序一直异常的情况。所以说了这么多，我们通过rabbitmq监听消息的时候，程序一定要添加try…catch语句!!!当然你也可以根据实际情况，选择设置requeue-rejected为false来丢弃消息。

参考

[1] AMQP协议方法
[2] Wireshark抓包教程
[3] http://blog.csdn.net/u013256816/article/details/55515234
[4] http://fengchj.com/?p=2234
[5] https://yemengying.com/2017/01/30/how-does-rabbitmq-handle-exception/