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调用MATLAB中的Googlenet工具箱进行迁移学习。
%% 加载数据
clc;close all;clear;
Location = '';%这里输入自己的数据集
unzip('MerchData.zip');
imds = imageDatastore('MerchData',... %若使用自己的数据集则改为Location(不加单引号)
'IncludeSubfolders',true,...
'LabelSource','foldernames');
[imdsTrain,imdsValidation] = splitEachLabel(imds,0.7,'randomized');%将数据集按7:3的比例分为训练集和测试集
%% 加载预训练网络
net = googlenet;
%% 从训练有素的网络中提取图层,并绘制图层图
lgraph = layerGraph(net);%从训练网络中提取layer graph
%绘制layer graph
% figure('Units','normalize','Position',[0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8]);
% plot(lgraph)
% net.Layers(1)
inputSize = net.Layers(1).InputSize;
%% 替换最终图层
% 为了训练Googlenet去分类新的图像,取代网络的最后三层。这三层为'loss3-classifier', 'prob', 和
% 'output',包含如何将网络的提取的功能组合为类概率和标签的信息。在层次图中添加三层新层: a fully connected layer, a softmax layer, and a classification output layer
% 将全连接层设置为同新的数据集中类的数目相同的大小,为了使新层比传输层学习更快,增加全连接层的学习因子。
lgraph = removeLayers(lgraph,{'loss3-classifier','prob','output'});
numClasses = numel(categories(imdsTrain.Labels));
newLayers = [
fullyConnectedLayer(numClasses,'Name','fc','weightLearnRateFactor',10,'BiasLearnRateFactor',10)
softmaxLayer('Name','softmax')
classificationLayer('Name','classoutput')];
lgraph = addLayers(lgraph,newLayers);
%将网络中最后一个传输层(pool5-drop_7x7_s1)连接到新层
lgraph = connectLayers(lgraph,'pool5-drop_7x7_s1','fc');
% 绘制新的图层
% figure('Units','normalized','Position',[0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4]);
% plot(lgraph)
% ylim([0,10])
%% 冻结初始图层
% 这个网络现在已经准备好训练新的图像集。或者你可以通过设置这些层的学习速率为0来“冻结”网络中早期层的权重
%在训练过程中trainNetwork不会跟新冻结层的参数,因为冻结层的梯度不需要计算,冻结大多数初始层的权重对网络训练加速很重要。
%如果新的数据集很小,冻结早期网络层也可以防止新的数据集过拟合。
layers = lgraph.Layers;
connections = lgraph.Connections;
layers(1:110) = freezeWeights(layers(1:110));%调用freezeWeights函数,设置开始的110层学习速率为0
lgraph = createLgraphUsingConnections(layers,connections);%调用createLgraphUsingConnections函数,按原始顺序重新连接所有的层。
%% 训练网络
pixelRange = [-30 30];
imageAugmenter = imageDataAugmenter(...
'RandXReflection',true,...
'RandXTranslation',pixelRange,...
'RandYTranslation',pixelRange);
%对输入数据进行数据加强
augimdsTrain = augmentedImageDatastore(inputSize(1:2),imdsTrain, ...
'DataAugmentation',imageAugmenter);
% 自动调整验证图像大小
augimdsValidation = augmentedImageDatastore(inputSize(1:2),imdsValidation);
%设置训练参数
options = trainingOptions('sgdm', ...
'MiniBatchSize',10, ...
'MaxEpochs',6, ...
'InitialLearnRate',1e-4, ...
'ValidationData',augimdsValidation, ...
'ValidationFrequency',3, ... %设置验证频率
'ValidationPatience',Inf, ...
'Verbose',true ,...
'Plots','training-progress');
%开始训练网络
googlenetTrain = trainNetwork(augimdsTrain,lgraph,options);
%% 对验证图像进行分类
[YPred,probs] = classify(googlenetTrain,augimdsValidation);%使用训练好的网络进行分类
accuracy = mean(YPred == imdsValidation.Labels)%计算网络的精确度
%% 保存训练好的模型
save googlenet_03 googlenetTrain;
% save x y; 保存训练好的模型y(注意:y为训练的模型,即y = trainNetwork()),取名为x
使用训练好的模型进行图像分类
我这里训练的模型是对细胞显微图像进行分类,包括BYST,GRAN,HYAL,MUCS,RBC,WBC,WBCC七种细胞。
%% 加载模型
clc;close all;clear;
load('-mat','E:\MATLAB_Code\googlenet_1');
%% 加载测试集
Location = 'E:\image_test\test_02';
imds = imageDatastore(Location,'includeSubfolders',true,'LabelSource','foldernames');
inputSize = googlenetTrain.Layers(1).InputSize;
imdstest = augmentedImageDatastore(inputSize(1:2),imds);
tic;
YPred = classify(googlenetTrain,imdstest);
%使用训练好的模型对测试集进行分类
disp(['分类所用时间为:',num2str(toc),'秒']);
%% 显示分类结果,绘制混淆矩阵
byst = 'BYST';
BYST = numel(YPred,YPred == byst);
disp(['BYST = ',num2str(BYST)]);
gran = 'GRAN';
GRAN = numel(YPred,YPred == gran);
disp(['GRAN = ',num2str(GRAN)]);
hyal = 'HYAL';
HYAL = numel(YPred,YPred == hyal);
disp(['HYAL = ',num2str(HYAL)]);
mucs = 'MUCS';
MUCS = numel(YPred,YPred == mucs);
disp(['MUCS = ',num2str(MUCS)]);
rbc = 'RBC';
RBC = numel(YPred,YPred == rbc);
disp(['RBC = ',num2str(RBC)]);
wbc = 'WBC';
WBC = numel(YPred,YPred == wbc);
disp(['WBC = ',num2str(WBC)]);
wbcc = 'WBCC';
WBCC = numel(YPred,YPred == wbcc);
disp(['WBCC = ',num2str(WBCC)]);
sum = numel(YPred);
disp(['sum = ',num2str(sum)]);
%求出每个标签对应的分类数量
% numel(A) 返回数组A的数目
% numel(A,x) 返回数组A在x的条件下的数目
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%计算精确度%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
YTest = imds.Labels;
accuracy = mean(YPred == YTest);
disp(['accuracy = ',num2str(accuracy)]);
% disp(x) 变量x的值
% num2str(x) 将数值数值转换为表示数字的字符数组
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%随机显示测试分类后的图片%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
idx = randperm(numel(imds.Files),16);
figure
for i = 1:16
subplot(4,4,i);
I = readimage(imds,idx(i));
imshow(I);
label = YPred(idx(i));
title(string(label));
end
%% 绘制混淆矩阵
predictLabel = YPred;%通过训练好的模型分类后的标签
actualLabel = YTest;%原始的标签
plotconfusion(actualLabel,predictLabel,'Googlenet');%绘制混淆矩阵
% plotconfusion(targets,outputs);绘制混淆矩阵,使用target(true)和output(predict)标签,将标签指定为分类向量或1到N的形式
%% 保存分类后的图片
x = numel(imds.Files);
% 图片保存位置
Location_BYST = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\BYST';
Location_GRAN = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\GRAN';
Location_HYAL = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\HYAL';
Location_MUCS = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\MUCS';
Location_RBC = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\RBC';
Location_WBC = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\WBC';
Location_WBCC = 'E:\image_classification\Googlenet\WBCC';
writePostfix = '.bmp';%图片保存后缀
for i = 1:x
I = readimage(imds,i);
Label = YPred(i);
Name = YTest(i);
switch Label
case 'BYST'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_BYST,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'GRAN'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_GRAN,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'HYAL'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_HYAL,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'MUCS'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_MUCS,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'RBC'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_RBC,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'WBC'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_WBC,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
case 'WBCC'
saveName = sprintf('%s%s%s_%d',Location_WBCC,'\',Name,i,writePostfix);
imwrite(I,saveName);
end
end
结果:
附录
freezeWeights函数
function layers = freezeWeights(layers)
for ii = 1:size(layers,1)
props = properties(layers(ii));
for p = 1:numel(props)
propName = props{p};
if ~isempty(regexp(propName,'LearnRateFactor$','once'))
layers(ii).(propName) = 0;
end
end
end
end
createLgraphUsingConnections函数
function lgraph = createLgraphUsingConnections(layers,connections)
lgraph = layerGraph();
for i = 1:numel(layers)
lgraph = addLayers(lgraph,layers(i));
end
for c = 1:size(connections,1)
lgraph = connectLayers(lgraph,connections.Source{c},connections.Destination{c});
end
end
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