gawk

gawk简介awk报告生成器,作用格式化文本输出:awk分为awk.nawk.gawk。但是linux上的awk为gawk基本用法gawk[options]'program'

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简介

  awk  报告生成器,作用格式化文本输出:

  awk分为awk.nawk. gawk。

  但是linux上的awk为gawk

[root@web1 base]# which awk
/usr/bin/awk
[root@web1 base]# ll /usr/bin/awk 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Jul 26 10:57 /usr/bin/awk -> gawk

 基本用法

  gawk [options]  ‘program’ FILE …

  program: PATTERN{ACTION STATEMENTS}

  可以允许多个语句,语句之间用分号分隔

选项

  -F: 指明输入时用到的字段分隔符;

  -v var=value: 自定义变量

工作模式

  一行一行读取,默认按空格分隔,默认保存在awk的内建变量中。$0显示所有 $1显示第一个 以此类推。

输出命令

  1. print  

    print item1,item2

  要点:

    (1) 逗号分割符‘

    (2)输出的个item可以是字符串,也可以是数值(运算是依旧是数值,但是输出后为字符串。);当前记录的字段、变量活awk的表达式;

    (3)如省略item,相当于print $0;

  2. 变量

    (1)内建变量

      FS: input field separator(输入字段分隔符) 默认为空白字符

[root@web1 script]# awk -v FS=':' '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
postfix
sshd

      OFS: output field separator(输出字段分割符)默认为空白字符

[root@web1 script]# awk -v FS=':' -v OFS=':' '{print $1,$3,$7}' /etc/passwd
root:0:/bin/bash
bin:1:/sbin/nologin
daemon:2:/sbin/nologin
adm:3:/sbin/nologin
lp:4:/sbin/nologin
sync:5:/bin/sync
shutdown:6:/sbin/shutdown
halt:7:/sbin/halt
mail:8:/sbin/nologin
operator:11:/sbin/nologin
games:12:/sbin/nologin
ftp:14:/sbin/nologin
nobody:99:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:192:/sbin/nologin
dbus:81:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:999:/sbin/nologin
postfix:89:/sbin/nologin
sshd:74:/sbin/nologin

      RS:input record separator,输入时的换行符;

[root@web1 script]# awk -v RS=' ' '{print}' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP
User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd
Network
Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System
message
bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:997:User
for
polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated
SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
原来的换行符还是换行符

      ORS output record separator,输出的换行符;

[root@web1 script]# awk -v ORS=' ' '{print}' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:999:997:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin [root@web1 script]#

      NF:number of filed  字段数量   

      在awk内部引用变量不需要加$  引用字段需要加行数。

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print NF}' /etc/passwd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
2
[root@web1 script]# awk '{print $NF}' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
Management:/:/sbin/nologin
bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

      NR: number of record, 行数   

   

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print NR}' /etc/passwd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

      如果多个文件进行计数,会和起来显示

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print NR}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

      FNR:     每一个文件进行单个计行数;

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print FNR}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3

    FILENAME:  当前正在处理文件名字  

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print FILENAME}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/issue
/etc/issue
/etc/issue

    ARGC:命令行参数的个数:

[root@web1 script]# awk '{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
3

      ARGV: 数组,保存的是命令行所给定的各参数。

[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGC}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
3
[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[0]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
awk
[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[1]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
/etc/passwd
[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{print ARGV[2]}' /etc/passwd /etc/issue
/etc/issue

 

    (2)自定义变量

      1. -v  var=value

        变量名区分字符大小写;

[root@web1 script]# awk -v test='hello' '{print test}' /etc/fstab 
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
hello
[root@web1 script]# awk -v test='hello' 'BEGIN{print test}' 
hello

       2. program 定义

 

[root@web1 script]# awk 'BEGIN{test="hello hai";print test}'
hello hai

      3.printf命令

        格式化输出: printf FORMAT,ITEM1.ITEM2,…..

        (1)FORMAT必须给出;

        (2)不会自动换行,需要显式给出换行控制符,  \n

        (3)FORMAT中需要分别为后面的每个item指定一个格式化符号;

        格式符:

          %c: 显示字符的ASCII码

          %d,%i::显示十进制整数;

          %e,%E: 科学计数法数值显示

          %f: 显示为浮点数;

          %g,%G: 以科学技术法或浮点形势显示数值;

          %s: 显示字符串;

          %u: 无符号整数;

          %%: 显示%自身

 

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %s\n",$1}' /etc/passwd
username: root
username: bin
username: daemon
username: adm
username: lp
username: sync
username: shutdown
username: halt
username: mail
username: operator
username: games
username: ftp
username: nobody
username: systemd-network
username: dbus
username: polkitd
username: postfix
username: sshd
[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %s,UID: %d\n",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username: root,UID: 0
username: bin,UID: 1
username: daemon,UID: 2
username: adm,UID: 3
username: lp,UID: 4
username: sync,UID: 5
username: shutdown,UID: 6
username: halt,UID: 7
username: mail,UID: 8
username: operator,UID: 11
username: games,UID: 12
username: ftp,UID: 14
username: nobody,UID: 99
username: systemd-network,UID: 192
username: dbus,UID: 81
username: polkitd,UID: 999
username: postfix,UID: 89
username: sshd,UID: 74

        修饰符:

          #[.#]:第一个数字控制显示的快读;第二个表示小数点后的精度:

            如 %3.1f

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %15s,UID: %d\n",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username:            root,UID: 0
username:             bin,UID: 1
username:          daemon,UID: 2
username:             adm,UID: 3
username:              lp,UID: 4
username:            sync,UID: 5
username:        shutdown,UID: 6
username:            halt,UID: 7
username:            mail,UID: 8
username:        operator,UID: 11
username:           games,UID: 12
username:             ftp,UID: 14
username:          nobody,UID: 99
username: systemd-network,UID: 192
username:            dbus,UID: 81
username:         polkitd,UID: 999
username:         postfix,UID: 89
username:            sshd,UID: 74

        -: 左对齐

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %-15s,UID: %d\n",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username: root           ,UID: 0
username: bin            ,UID: 1
username: daemon         ,UID: 2
username: adm            ,UID: 3
username: lp             ,UID: 4
username: sync           ,UID: 5
username: shutdown       ,UID: 6
username: halt           ,UID: 7
username: mail           ,UID: 8
username: operator       ,UID: 11
username: games          ,UID: 12
username: ftp            ,UID: 14
username: nobody         ,UID: 99
username: systemd-network,UID: 192
username: dbus           ,UID: 81
username: polkitd        ,UID: 999
username: postfix        ,UID: 89
username: sshd           ,UID: 74

        +:显示数值的服务  加号会显示出来

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{printf "username: %-15s,UID: %+d\n",$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username: root           ,UID: +0
username: bin            ,UID: +1
username: daemon         ,UID: +2
username: adm            ,UID: +3
username: lp             ,UID: +4
username: sync           ,UID: +5
username: shutdown       ,UID: +6
username: halt           ,UID: +7
username: mail           ,UID: +8
username: operator       ,UID: +11
username: games          ,UID: +12
username: ftp            ,UID: +14
username: nobody         ,UID: +99
username: systemd-network,UID: +192
username: dbus           ,UID: +81
username: polkitd        ,UID: +999
username: postfix        ,UID: +89
username: sshd           ,UID: +74

      4.操作符

        算数操作符:

          x+y, x-y, x*y, x/y, x^y, x%y

          -x

          +x:  转化为数值

        字符串操作符: 没有符号的操作符, 字符串连接

        赋值操作符:

          =, +=, -=, 、=, %=, ……= 

          ++, —

        比较操作符:

          >,>=,<,<=,!=,==

        模式匹配符:

          ~: 是否匹配

          !~ 是否不匹配

        逻辑操作符:

          &&

          ||

          !

        函数调用:

          function_name(argu1,argu2,…)

        条件表达式:

          selector?if-true-expression:if-false-expression

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '{$3>=1000?usertype="Common User":usertype="Sysadmin or SysUser";printf "%-15s:%s\n",$1,usertype}' /etc/passwd
root           :Sysadmin or SysUser
bin            :Sysadmin or SysUser
daemon         :Sysadmin or SysUser
adm            :Sysadmin or SysUser
lp             :Sysadmin or SysUser
sync           :Sysadmin or SysUser
shutdown       :Sysadmin or SysUser
halt           :Sysadmin or SysUser
mail           :Sysadmin or SysUser
operator       :Sysadmin or SysUser
games          :Sysadmin or SysUser
ftp            :Sysadmin or SysUser
nobody         :Sysadmin or SysUser
systemd-network:Sysadmin or SysUser
dbus           :Sysadmin or SysUser
polkitd        :Sysadmin or SysUser
postfix        :Sysadmin or SysUser
sshd           :Sysadmin or SysUser

     5.PATTERN

      (1) empty: 空模式,匹配每一行;

      (2)/regular expression/: 仅处理能够被此处的模式匹配到的行

[root@web1 script]# awk '/^UUID/{print $1}'  /etc/fstab 
UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379
UUID=eb2eed65-bb35-4af0-b08a-a816d8f13204

      (3) relational expression: 关系表达式:结果又“真”有“假”;结果为“真”才会被处理

          真:  结果为非0值,非空字符串表示为真;

[root@web1 script]# awk -F: '$3>=500{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
polkitd 999

       (4)  line ranges: 行范围,

          startline,endline: /pat1/,/pat2/

          注意: 不支持直接给出数字的格式

[root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F:  '(NR>=2&&NR<=10){print $1}' /etc/passwd
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
uucp

      (5)BEGIN/END模式

          BEGIN{}: 仅在开始处理文件的文本之前执行一次;

          END{}: 仅在文本处理完成之后执行一次;

gawk
gawk

[root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F: 'BEGIN{print "username     uid \n------------------"}{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username     uid 
------------------
root 0
bin 1
daemon 2
adm 3
lp 4
sync 5
shutdown 6
halt 7
mail 8
uucp 10
operator 11
games 12
gopher 13
ftp 14
nobody 99
vcsa 69
saslauth 499
postfix 89
sshd 74
ntp 38
tcpdump 72
nscd 28
nginx 500
zabbix 498
mysql 27
apache 48
squid 23
web 501
gitlab-www 497
git 496
gitlab-redis 495
gitlab-psql 494
gitlab-prometheus 493
dbus 81
nexus 502
jira 503
log 504
[root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 application]# awk -F: '{print "username     uid \n------------------"}{print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
username     uid 
------------------
root 0
username     uid 
------------------
bin 1
username     uid 
------------------
daemon 2
username     uid 
------------------
adm 3
username     uid 
------------------
lp 4
username     uid 
------------------
sync 5
username     uid 
------------------
shutdown 6
username     uid 
------------------
halt 7
username     uid 
------------------
mail 8
username     uid 
------------------
uucp 10
username     uid 
------------------
operator 11
username     uid 
------------------
games 12
username     uid 
------------------
gopher 13
username     uid 
------------------
ftp 14
username     uid 
------------------
nobody 99
username     uid 
------------------
vcsa 69
username     uid 
------------------
saslauth 499
username     uid 
------------------
postfix 89
username     uid 
------------------
sshd 74
username     uid 
------------------
ntp 38
username     uid 
------------------
tcpdump 72
username     uid 
------------------
nscd 28
username     uid 
------------------
nginx 500
username     uid 
------------------
zabbix 498
username     uid 
------------------
mysql 27
username     uid 
------------------
apache 48
username     uid 
------------------
squid 23
username     uid 
------------------
web 501
username     uid 
------------------
gitlab-www 497
username     uid 
------------------
git 496
username     uid 
------------------
gitlab-redis 495
username     uid 
------------------
gitlab-psql 494
username     uid 
------------------
gitlab-prometheus 493
username     uid 
------------------
dbus 81
username     uid 
------------------
nexus 502
username     uid 
------------------
jira 503
username     uid 
------------------
log 504

View Code

    6.常用的action

      (1)Expreessions 表达式

      (2)Control statements: if,while等

      (3)Compound statements: 组合语句

      (4)input statements

      (5)output statements 

    7.控制语句

      if(condition){statements}

      if(condition){statements} else {statement}

      while(conditon){staements}

      do {statement} while(conditon)

      for(expr1,expr2,expr3){statements}

      break

      continue

      delete array[index]   从数组中删除某个元素

      delete arrat  删除数组

      exit

      { statements}

    7.1 if-else

      语法: if(condition){statements} else {statement}

      使用场景:对awk取的整行或某个字段做条件判断;

[root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($3>500) print$1,$3}' /etc/passwd
polkitd 999

 

[root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($3>500) {printf "Conmon user: %s\n",$1} else {printf "root or sysuser: %s\n",$1}}' /etc/passwd
root or sysuser: root
root or sysuser: bin
root or sysuser: daemon
root or sysuser: adm
root or sysuser: lp
root or sysuser: sync
root or sysuser: shutdown
root or sysuser: halt
root or sysuser: mail
root or sysuser: operator
root or sysuser: games
root or sysuser: ftp
root or sysuser: nobody
root or sysuser: systemd-network
root or sysuser: dbus
Conmon user: polkitd
root or sysuser: postfix
root or sysuser: sshd
[root@web1 tmp]# awk -F: '{if($NF=="/bin/bash") print $1}' /etc/passwd
root
[root@web1 tmp]# awk  '{if(NF>5) print $0}' /etc/fstab 
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 26 10:57:01 2018
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=eb2eed65-bb35-4af0-b08a-a816d8f13204 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0

      7.2 while循环

          while(conditon){staements}

          使用场景:对一行内的多个字段逐一类似处理时使用;

[root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{i=1;while(i<=NF) {if(length($i)>=7) {print  $i,length($i)}; i++}}' /etc/grub2.cfg
linux16 7
/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 30
root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
crashkernel=auto 16
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 16
linux16 7
/vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae 50
root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
crashkernel=auto 16

    7.3 do-while

        语法 :do {statement} while(conditon)

        意义:只要执行一次循环体

    7.4 for 循环

      语法  for(expr1,expr2,expr3){statements}

      for(variable assignment;codition iteration process)

[root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{for (i=1;i<NF;i++){print  $i,length($i)}}' /etc/grub2.cfg
linux16 7
/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 30
root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
ro 2
crashkernel=auto 16
rhgb 4
quiet 5
linux16 7
/vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae 50
root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 46
ro 2
crashkernel=auto 16
rhgb 4
[root@web1 ~]# awk '/^[[:space:]]*linux16/{print}' /etc/grub2.cfg 
    linux16 /vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    linux16 /vmlinuz-0-rescue-4448785178734432b18eb960343dfaae root=UUID=0b8ca594-564a-47af-9e39-4a792e404379 ro crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
[root@web1 ~]# 

        特殊用法;

          能够遍历数组中的元素;

          语法: for(var in array)(for-body)

      7.5 switch语句  多重判断语句

          语句: switch(expression){case VALUE1 or /REGEXP/:statement; case VALUE2 or /REGEXP2/:statement;…default:statement}

      7.6 break和continue

        break [n]

        continue

      7.7 next

        提前结束对本行的处理而直接进入下一行;

        用户id为偶数的打印出来

[root@web1 ~]# awk -F: '{if ($3%2!=0) next;print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd
root 0
daemon 2
lp 4
shutdown 6
mail 8
games 12
ftp 14
systemd-network 192
sshd 74

    8.array

      关联数组: ararry[index-expression]

       index-expression

        (1)可使用任意字符串;字符串要使用双引号;

        (2)如果某数组元素事先不存在,在引用时,awk会自动创建此元素,并将其值初始化为“空串”;

         若要判断数组中是否存在某元素,要使用“index in array”

[root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays["mon"]="Monday";weekdays["tue"]="Tuesday";print weekdays["mon"]}'
Monday
[root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays["mon"]="Monday";weekdays["tue"]="Tuesday";print weekdays["tue"]}'
Tuesday

      若要遍历数组中的每个元素,要使用for循环;

        for(var in array ){for-body}

[root@web1 tmp]# awk 'BEGIN{weekdays[1]="Monday";weekdays[2]="Tuesday";for(i in weekdays){print weekdays[i]}}'
Monday
Tuesday

      注意:var会遍历array的每个索引;

 

[root@web1 tmp]# netstat -tan|awk '/^tcp\>/{state[$NF]++}END{for(i in state){print i,state[i]}}'
LISTEN 4
ESTABLISHED 8

‘牟定符’
‘\< 词首牟定’
‘\> 词尾牟定’
‘\b 放在词首则表示为牟定词首,放在词尾则表示为牟定词尾’

[root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk '{ip[$1]++}END{for( i in ip){print i,ip[i]} }' /var/log/nginx/access.log
91.106.77.208 1
80.82.70.187 1
152.231.52.173 1
78.211.208.37 1
37.195.147.56 1

 显示每个单词出现的次数

[root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){count[$i]++}}END{for (i in count){print i,count[i]}}' /etc/fstab 

    9. 函数

      9.1 内置函数

        数值处理:

          ’rand(): 返回0和1一个随机数;’

        

[root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk 'BEGIN{print rand()}'
0.237788
[root@YUE_TEST_02 application]# awk 'BEGIN{print rand()}'
0.237788

 

          awk命令只有第一次取到的是随机的

        字符串处理
<!--          length([s]): 返回指定字符串的长度'
          sub(r,s,[t]): 以r表示的模式来查找t所表示的字符串中的的匹配的内容,并将第一次出现替换为s所表示的内容;
          g
sub(r,s,[t]): 以r表示的模式来查找t所表示的字符串中的的匹配的内容,并将所有出现替换为s所表示的内容;
          split(s,a,[r]) 以r为分割符切割字符s,并将切割后的结果保存至a所表示的数组中;
-->
  awk 数组以1未开始
[root@YJSJ-SERVER-02 ~]# netstat -tan |awk '/^tcp\>/{split($5,ip,":");count[ip[1]]++}END{for(i in count ){print i,count[i] }}'
10.1.1.103 11
104.152.52.23 1
118.178.213.220 1
106.37.97.167 3
106.11.248.209 1
127.0.0.1 124
106.11.68.13 1
114.242.248.49 2
100.100.30.25 1
140.207.69.101 8
47.52.111.155 4
140.207.69.102 9
47.92.165.213 1
10.1.1.184 37
10.1.1.101 2
0.0.0.0 74
10.1.1.201 1
47.92.73.73 1
10.1.1.187 8
10.1.1.102 223

 

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