ubuntu 怎么更新?ubuntu更新命令及方法 安装Ubuntu系统后,第一件事就是更新系统源。由于系统安装的默认源地址在英国,作为Ubuntu的主源,国内连接速度非常慢,所以我们要将它换成就近的快速源。 网上有些人说CN99是国内最快的源,但不同的网络状况连接以下源的速度不同, 所以cn99并不一定是最快的源, 建议在添加前手动验证一下源的连接速度(ping下就行),比如说北京网通ADSL用户连接cn99就非常慢,而ftp.sjtu.edu.cn则相对较快,选择最快的源可以节省大批下载时间。 首先备份源列表,而后用gedit或其他编辑器打开源列表文件: sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 从下面列表中选择合适的源,替换掉文件中所有的内容,保存编辑好的文件然后执行源的更新(注意:不同的Ubuntu版本对应的源是不同的,千万不要弄错了): sudo apt-get update 如果更新很慢,可以用上面的方法换一个源,然后再试,直到成功为止。然后,执行真正的系统更新:sudo apt-get upgrade;如下图所示: 常用的源列表如下: ubuntu 8.04的163源为: deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Mirror.lupaworld.com 源更新服务器(浙江省杭州市双线服务器,网通同电信都可以用,亚洲地区官方更新服务器): deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse Ubuntu 官方源 推荐北方网通用户添加 deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse 台湾的官方源速度也相当不错,有时甚至快于内地的: deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 再加个中国电信源科技大学的源(能用速度还不 错) deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse 防止非官方源中软件包不全的问题,请在sources.list文件中尾部添加下面这个官方源。 deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse 如果没有这个源,下面安装某些软件的时候会提示找不到,比如w32codecs 台湾源可能会慢一些,耐心等一下,换源后一般下载速度都有几十K,上百K也很正常。 ubuntu更新命令 常用的APT命令参数: apt-cache search package 搜索包 apt-cache show package 获取包的相关信息,如说明、大小、版本等 sudo apt-get install package 安装包 sudo apt-get install package – – reinstall 重新安装包 sudo apt-get -f install 修复安装”-f = ——fix-missing” sudo apt-get remove package 删除包 sudo apt-get remove package – – purge 删除包,包括删除配置文件等 sudo apt-get update 更新源 sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统 sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade 使用 dselect 升级 apt-cache depends package 了解使用依赖 apt-cache rdepends package 是查看该包被哪些包依赖 sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境 apt-get source package 下载该包的源代码 sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包 sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖 |