Android控件自定义属性(declare-styleable属性详解)

Android控件自定义属性(declare-styleable属性详解)我们在做项目的时候,由于android自带的属性不能满足需求,android提供了自定义属性的方法,其中的format是做什么用的?以及如何使用它?下面列出一些常用的。1.reference:参考某一资源ID。   (1)属性定义:                                           (2)属性使用:

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在Android开发中,往往要用到自定义的控件来实现我们的需求或效果。在使用自定义
控件时,难免要用到自定义属性,那怎么使用自定义属性呢?

一、简单使用:

1.在文件res/values/下新建attrs.xml属性文件,中定义我们所需要的属性:
<resources><!-- resource是跟标签,可以在里面定义若干个declare-styleable -->
<declare-styleable name="custom_view"><!-- name定义了变量的名称 -->
    <attr name="custom_color" format="color"></attr> <!-- 定义对应的属性,name定义了属性的名称 -->
    <attr name="custom_size" format="dimension"></attr> <!--每一个发生要定义format指定其类型,类型包括 
      reference   表示引用,参考某一资源ID
      string   表示字符串
      color   表示颜色值
      dimension   表示尺寸值
      boolean   表示布尔值
      integer   表示整型值
      float   表示浮点值
      fraction   表示百分数
      enum   表示枚举值
      flag   表示位运算
    -->
</declare-styleable>

2.在布局中使用:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:ldm="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.ldm.learn"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#f6f6f6"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dp" >

    <com.ldm.learn.CustomTextView
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"
        android:text="自定义TextView"
        ldm:custom_color="#333333"  ldm:custom_size="35sp" />

</LinearLayout>

2.在代码中引用:

public class CustomTextView extends TextView {
    private int textSize;//自定义文件大小
    private int textColor;//自定义文字颜色

    //自定义属性,会调用带两个参数的构造方法
    public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.custom_view);//TypedArray属性对象  textSize = ta.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_size, 20);//获取属性对象中对应的属性值  textColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_color, 0x0000ff);
        setColorAndSize(textColor, textSize);//设置属性
        ta.recycle();
    }

    public CustomTextView(Context context) {
        super(context);
    }

    private void setColorAndSize(int textColor, int textSize) {
        setTextColor(textColor);
        setTextSize(textSize);
    }

}

二、declare-styleable属性详解:

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “名称”>

                   <attr name = “background” format = “reference” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = “42dip”
                     android:layout_height = “42dip”
                     android:background = “@drawable/图片ID”

                     />

2. color:颜色值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “名称”>

                   <attr name = “textColor” format = “color” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <TextView

                     android:layout_width = “42dip”
                     android:layout_height = “42dip”
                     android:textColor = “#00FF00”

                     />

3. boolean:布尔值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “名称”>

                   <attr name = “focusable” format = “boolean” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = “42dip”
                    android:layout_height = “42dip”

                    android:focusable = “true”

                    />

4. dimension:尺寸值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “名称”>

                   <attr name = “layout_width” format = “dimension” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <Button

                    android:layout_width = “42dip”
                    android:layout_height = “42dip”

                    />

5. float:浮点值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “AlphaAnimation”>

                   <attr name = “fromAlpha” format = “float” />
                   <attr name = “toAlpha” format = “float” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <alpha
                   android:fromAlpha = “1.0”
                   android:toAlpha = “0.7”

                   />

6. integer:整型值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “AnimatedRotateDrawable”>

                   <attr name = “visible” />
                   <attr name = “frameDuration” format=”integer” />
                   <attr name = “framesCount” format=”integer” />
                   <attr name = “pivotX” />
                   <attr name = “pivotY” />
                   <attr name = “drawable” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <animated-rotate

                   xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
                   android:drawable = “@drawable/图片ID”
                   android:pivotX = “50%”
                   android:pivotY = “50%”
                   android:framesCount = “12”
                   android:frameDuration = “100”

                   />

7. string:字符串。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “MapView”>
                   <attr name = “apiKey” format = “string” />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                    android:layout_width = “fill_parent”
                    android:layout_height = “fill_parent”
                    android:apiKey = “0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g”

                    />

8. fraction:百分数。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name=”RotateDrawable”>
                   <attr name = “visible” />
                   <attr name = “fromDegrees” format = “float” />
                   <attr name = “toDegrees” format = “float” />
                   <attr name = “pivotX” format = “fraction” />
                   <attr name = “pivotY” format = “fraction” />
                   <attr name = “drawable” />
            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <rotate

                   xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
               android:interpolator = “@anim/动画ID”

                   android:fromDegrees = “0”
               android:toDegrees = “360”

                   android:pivotX = “200%”

                   android:pivotY = “300%”
               android:duration = “5000”

                   android:repeatMode = “restart”

                   android:repeatCount = “infinite”

                   />

9. enum:枚举值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name=”名称”>
                   <attr name=”orientation”>
                          <enum name=”horizontal” value=”0″ />
                          <enum name=”vertical” value=”1″ />
                   </attr>           

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

            <LinearLayout

                    xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
                    android:orientation = “vertical”
                    android:layout_width = “fill_parent”
                    android:layout_height = “fill_parent”
                    >
            </LinearLayout>

10. flag:位或运算。

     (1)属性定义:

             <declare-styleable name=”名称”>
                    <attr name=”windowSoftInputMode”>
                            <flag name = “stateUnspecified” value = “0” />
                            <flag name = “stateUnchanged” value = “1” />
                            <flag name = “stateHidden” value = “2” />
                            <flag name = “stateAlwaysHidden” value = “3” />
                            <flag name = “stateVisible” value = “4” />
                            <flag name = “stateAlwaysVisible” value = “5” />
                            <flag name = “adjustUnspecified” value = “0x00” />
                            <flag name = “adjustResize” value = “0x10” />
                            <flag name = “adjustPan” value = “0x20” />
                            <flag name = “adjustNothing” value = “0x30” />
                     </attr>        

             </declare-styleable>

     (2)属性使用:

            <activity

                   android:name = “.StyleAndThemeActivity”
                   android:label = “@string/app_name”
                   android:windowSoftInputMode = “stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden”>
                   <intent-filter>
                          <action android:name = “android.intent.action.MAIN” />
                          <category android:name = “android.intent.category.LAUNCHER” />
                   </intent-filter>
             </activity>

特别要注意:

     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

    (1)属性定义:

            <declare-styleable name = “名称”>

                   <attr name = “background” format = “reference|color” />

            </declare-styleable>

    (2)属性使用:

             <ImageView

                     android:layout_width = “42dip”
                     android:layout_height = “42dip”
                     android:background = “@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00”

                     />

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