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在Android开发中,往往要用到自定义的控件来实现我们的需求或效果。在使用自定义
控件时,难免要用到自定义属性,那怎么使用自定义属性呢?
一、简单使用:
1.在文件res/values/下新建attrs.xml属性文件,中定义我们所需要的属性: <resources><!-- resource是跟标签,可以在里面定义若干个declare-styleable --> <declare-styleable name="custom_view"><!-- name定义了变量的名称 --> <attr name="custom_color" format="color"></attr> <!-- 定义对应的属性,name定义了属性的名称 --> <attr name="custom_size" format="dimension"></attr> <!--每一个发生要定义format指定其类型,类型包括 reference 表示引用,参考某一资源ID string 表示字符串 color 表示颜色值 dimension 表示尺寸值 boolean 表示布尔值 integer 表示整型值 float 表示浮点值 fraction 表示百分数 enum 表示枚举值 flag 表示位运算 --> </declare-styleable> 2.在布局中使用:<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:ldm="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.ldm.learn" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#f6f6f6" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="10dp" > <com.ldm.learn.CustomTextView android:layout_width="100dp" android:layout_height="100dp" android:text="自定义TextView" ldm:custom_color="#333333" ldm:custom_size="35sp" /> </LinearLayout>2.在代码中引用:
public class CustomTextView extends TextView { private int textSize;//自定义文件大小 private int textColor;//自定义文字颜色 //自定义属性,会调用带两个参数的构造方法 public CustomTextView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { super(context, attrs); TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.custom_view);//TypedArray属性对象 textSize = ta.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_size, 20);//获取属性对象中对应的属性值 textColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_color, 0x0000ff); setColorAndSize(textColor, textSize);//设置属性 ta.recycle(); } public CustomTextView(Context context) { super(context); } private void setColorAndSize(int textColor, int textSize) { setTextColor(textColor); setTextSize(textSize); } }二、declare-styleable属性详解:
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “名称”>
<attr name = “background” format = “reference” />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = “42dip”
android:layout_height = “42dip”
android:background = “@drawable/图片ID”/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “名称”>
<attr name = “textColor” format = “color” />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<TextView
android:layout_width = “42dip”
android:layout_height = “42dip”
android:textColor = “#00FF00”/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “名称”>
<attr name = “focusable” format = “boolean” />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = “42dip”
android:layout_height = “42dip”android:focusable = “true”
/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “名称”>
<attr name = “layout_width” format = “dimension” />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = “42dip”
android:layout_height = “42dip”/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “AlphaAnimation”>
<attr name = “fromAlpha” format = “float” />
<attr name = “toAlpha” format = “float” /></declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = “1.0”
android:toAlpha = “0.7”/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “AnimatedRotateDrawable”>
<attr name = “visible” />
<attr name = “frameDuration” format=”integer” />
<attr name = “framesCount” format=”integer” />
<attr name = “pivotX” />
<attr name = “pivotY” />
<attr name = “drawable” /></declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:drawable = “@drawable/图片ID”
android:pivotX = “50%”
android:pivotY = “50%”
android:framesCount = “12”
android:frameDuration = “100”/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “MapView”>
<attr name = “apiKey” format = “string” />
</declare-styleable>(2)属性使用:
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = “fill_parent”
android:layout_height = “fill_parent”
android:apiKey = “0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g”/>
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name=”RotateDrawable”>
<attr name = “visible” />
<attr name = “fromDegrees” format = “float” />
<attr name = “toDegrees” format = “float” />
<attr name = “pivotX” format = “fraction” />
<attr name = “pivotY” format = “fraction” />
<attr name = “drawable” />
</declare-styleable>(2)属性使用:
<rotate
xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:interpolator = “@anim/动画ID”android:fromDegrees = “0”
android:toDegrees = “360”android:pivotX = “200%”
android:pivotY = “300%”
android:duration = “5000”android:repeatMode = “restart”
android:repeatCount = “infinite”
/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name=”名称”>
<attr name=”orientation”>
<enum name=”horizontal” value=”0″ />
<enum name=”vertical” value=”1″ />
</attr></declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = “http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
android:orientation = “vertical”
android:layout_width = “fill_parent”
android:layout_height = “fill_parent”
>
</LinearLayout>10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name=”名称”>
<attr name=”windowSoftInputMode”>
<flag name = “stateUnspecified” value = “0” />
<flag name = “stateUnchanged” value = “1” />
<flag name = “stateHidden” value = “2” />
<flag name = “stateAlwaysHidden” value = “3” />
<flag name = “stateVisible” value = “4” />
<flag name = “stateAlwaysVisible” value = “5” />
<flag name = “adjustUnspecified” value = “0x00” />
<flag name = “adjustResize” value = “0x10” />
<flag name = “adjustPan” value = “0x20” />
<flag name = “adjustNothing” value = “0x30” />
</attr></declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<activity
android:name = “.StyleAndThemeActivity”
android:label = “@string/app_name”
android:windowSoftInputMode = “stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden”>
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = “android.intent.action.MAIN” />
<category android:name = “android.intent.category.LAUNCHER” />
</intent-filter>
</activity>特别要注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = “名称”>
<attr name = “background” format = “reference|color” />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = “42dip”
android:layout_height = “42dip”
android:background = “@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00”/>
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