从零到熟悉，带你掌握Python len() 函数的使用

>>>
>>> help(len)
Help on built-in function len in module builtins:
len(obj, /)
    Return the number of items in a container.

>>>
>>> greeting = "Good Day!"
>>> len(greeting)
9

>>> office_days = ["Tuesday", "Thursday", "Friday"]
>>> len(office_days)
3

>>> london_coordinates = (51.50722, -0.1275)
>>> len(london_coordinates)
2

>>>
>>> len("")
0
>>> len([])
0
>>> len(())
0

>>>
>>> len("")
0
>>> len([])
0
>>> len(())
0

>>>
>>> import random

>>> numbers = [random.randint(1, 20) for _ in range(20)]

>>> numbers
[3, 8, 19, 1, 17, 14, 6, 19, 14, 7, 6, 1, 17, 10, 8, 14, 17, 10, 2, 5]

>>> unique_numbers = set(numbers)
{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14, 17, 19}

>>> len(unique_numbers)
11

>>>
>>> len({"James": 10, "Mary": 12, "Robert": 11})
3

>>> len({})
0

>>>
>>> len(5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: object of type 'int' has no len()

>>> len(5.5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
TypeError: object of type 'float' has no len()

>>> len(True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
TypeError: object of type 'bool' has no len()

>>> len(5 + 2j)
Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
TypeError: object of type 'complex' has no len()

>>>
>>> import random

>>> numbers = [random.randint(1, 20) for _ in range(20)]
>>> len(numbers)
20

>>> numbers_iterator = iter(numbers)
>>> len(numbers_iterator)
Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
TypeError: object of type 'list_iterator' has no len()

>>> numbers_generator = (random.randint(1, 20) for _ in range(20))
>>> len(numbers_generator)
Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
TypeError: object of type 'generator' has no len()

# username.py

username = input("Choose a username: [4-10 characters] ")

if 4 <= len(username) <= 10:
    print(f"Thank you. The username {username} is valid")
else:
    print("The username must be between 4 and 10 characters long")

$ python username.py
Choose a username: [4-10 characters] stephen_g
Thank you. The username stephen_g is valid

$ python username.py
Choose a username: [4-10 characters] sg
The username must be between 4 and 10 characters long

# username.py

usernames = []

print("Enter three options for your username")

while len(usernames) < 3:
    username = input("Choose a username: [4-10 characters] ")
    if 4 <= len(username) <= 10:
        print(f"Thank you. The username {username} is valid")
        usernames.append(username)
    else:
        print("The username must be between 4 and 10 characters long")

print(usernames)

>>>
>>> colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "pink"]

>>> while len(colors) > 0:
...     print(f"The next color is {colors.pop(0)}")
...
The next color is red
The next color is green
The next color is blue
The next color is yellow
The next color is pink

>>>
>>> colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "pink"]

>>> while colors:
...    print(f"The next color is {colors.pop(0)}")
...
The next color is red
The next color is green
The next color is blue
The next color is yellow
The next color is pink

>>>
>>> import random

>>> numbers = []
>>> while sum(numbers) <= 21:
...    numbers.append(random.randint(1, 10))

>>> numbers
[3, 10, 4, 7]

>>> numbers[len(numbers) - 1]
7

>>> numbers[-1]  # A more Pythonic way to retrieve the last item
7

>>> numbers.pop(len(numbers) - 1)  # You can use numbers.pop(-1)
7

>>> numbers
[3, 10, 4]

>>>
>>> import random

>>> numbers = [random.randint(1, 10) for _ in range(10)]
>>> numbers
[9, 1, 1, 2, 8, 10, 8, 6, 8, 5]

>>> first_half = numbers[: len(numbers) // 2]
>>> second_half = numbers[len(numbers) // 2 :]

>>> first_half
[9, 1, 1, 2, 8]
>>> second_half
[10, 8, 6, 8, 5]

$ python -m pip install numpy

>>>
>>> import numpy as np

>>> numbers = np.array([4, 7, 9, 23, 10, 6])
>>> type(numbers)
<class 'numpy.ndarray'>

>>> len(numbers)
6

>>>
>>> import numpy as np

>>> numbers = [
    [11, 1, 10, 10, 15],
    [14, 9, 16, 4, 4],
]

>>> numbers_array = np.array(numbers)
>>> numbers_array
array([[11,  1, 10, 10, 15],
       [14,  9, 16,  4,  4]])

>>> len(numbers_array)
2

>>> numbers_array.shape
(2, 5)

>>> len(numbers_array.shape)
2

>>> numbers_array.ndim
2

>>>
>>> import numpy as np

>>> array_3d = np.random.randint(1, 20, [2, 3, 4])
>>> array_3d
array([[[14,  9, 15, 14],
        [17, 11, 10,  5],
        [18,  1,  3, 12]],
       [[ 1,  5,  6, 10],
        [ 6,  3,  1, 12],
        [ 1,  4,  4, 17]]])

>>> array_3d.shape
(2, 3, 4)

>>> len(array_3d)
2

$ python -m pip install pandas

>>>
>>> import pandas as pd

>>> marks = {
    "Robert": [60, 75, 90],
    "Mary": [78, 55, 87],
    "Kate": [47, 96, 85],
    "John": [68, 88, 69],
}

>>> marks_df = pd.DataFrame(marks, index=["Physics", "Math", "English"])

>>> marks_df
         Robert  Mary  Kate  John
Physics      60    78    47    68
Math         75    55    96    88
English      90    87    85    69

>>> len(marks_df)
3

>>> marks_df.shape
(3, 4)

class DataFrame(NDFrame, OpsMixin):
    # ...
    def __len__(self) -> int:
        """
        Returns length of info axis, but here we use the index.
        """
        return len(self.index)

# ystring.py

class YString(str):
    def __init__(self, text):
        super().__init__()

    def __str__(self):
        """Display string as lowercase except for Ys that are uppercase"""
        return self.lower().replace("y", "Y")

    def __len__(self):
        """Returns the number of Ys in the string"""
        return self.lower().count("y")

>>>
>>> from ystring import YString

>>> message = YString("Real Python? Yes! Start reading today to learn Python")

>>> print(message)
real pYthon? Yes! start reading todaY to learn pYthon

>>> len(message)  # Returns number of Ys in message
4

>>>
>>> from ystring import YString

>>> first_test = "tomorrow"
>>> second_test = "today"

>>> bool(first_test)
True

>>> bool(YString(first_test))
False

>>> bool(second_test)
True

>>> bool(YString(second_test))
True