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基于MQTTnet 3.0.12实现MQTT服务器和客户端)
概述-可看可不看的废话
现在物联网的概念很火,辣条从业7年来一直号称是“自动化工程师”,但其实到目前为止,所处的行业还是比较局限在自动化产线改造。就工业智能互联来说,水平方向上如何把流水线式的孤岛式机台联动起来,我们比较有经验,但是垂直方向上,如何做数采,或者说如何高效灵活的做数采,需要补课的东西还有很多。MQTT是IBM很早以前就提出来的协议,但很可惜一直没有接触过,新公司的项目上引用了MQTTnet的开源库,但是这个GitHub作者跳版跳得太狠了点,随着新版本的更新,改了很多旧版的东西,导致百度排在前几的文章都没法直接借鉴了,无奈之下,疯狂百度+阅读Git上源码,总算搞出来一个小的Demo,特此记录如下。
MQTT是啥
MQTT 是物联网 (IoT) 的 OASIS 标准消息传递协议。它设计为极其轻量级的发布/订阅消息传输,非常适合连接具有小代码占用空间和最小网络带宽的远程设备。如今,MQTT 广泛应用于汽车、制造、电信、石油和天然气等行业。
好了,这段话是我抄的MQTT官网的,英语原文,浏览器直译,傲娇。
官网指路:https://mqtt.org/
MQTTnet
MQTTnet是基于MQTT通信的高性能.NET库,它提供了一个MQTT客户端和一个MQTT服务器(代理)。截止目前,最新版本为3.0.12.0,支持.net core,支持MQTT 3.X和5.0版本。
https://github.com/chkr1011/MQTTnet
MQTTnet的Git路径。
正文
本Demo设计为一个Winform窗体程序。基于MQTTnet,实现了一个MQTT Server或者说Broker的创建,同时在窗体上提供了MQTT Client的创建功能,MQTT Client跟Server连接之后,通过点击按钮,实现主题订阅、发布的基础功能。
MQTT Server/Broker实现
创建MQTT Server的思路还是蛮清晰的,主要是MqttServer各个事件的实现,一开始很懵逼,因为3.0.12的写法变化跟2.X完全不一样。
这里贴一段MQTTnet的代码,方便理解类的实现——
MQTT Server/Broker创建
- 先定义好MqttServerOptions,这是启动Mqtt服务时候的传参,定义服务启动时的各种参数:IP、Port口,账密等等
var optionsBuilder = new MqttServerOptionsBuilder();
- 实例化MqttServer以及委托实现MqttServer的各个事件
mqttServer = new MqttFactory().CreateMqttServer() as MqttServer;
mqttServer.StartedHandler = new MqttServerStartedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerStarted);
mqttServer.StoppedHandler = new MqttServerStoppedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerStopped);
下面是完成的实现代码:
public MqttServer mqttServer = null;
public async void StartMqttServer()
{
try
{
if (mqttServer == null)
{
var config = ReadConfiguration();
var optionsBuilder = new MqttServerOptionsBuilder()
.WithDefaultEndpoint().WithDefaultEndpointPort(int.Parse(config["Port"].ToString())).WithConnectionValidator(
c =>
{
var currentUser = config["Users"][0]["UserName"].ToString();
var currentPWD = config["Users"][0]["Password"].ToString();
if (currentUser == null || currentPWD == null)
{
c.ReasonCode = MqttConnectReasonCode.BadUserNameOrPassword;
return;
}
if (c.Username != currentUser)
{
c.ReasonCode = MqttConnectReasonCode.BadUserNameOrPassword;
return;
}
if (c.Password != currentPWD)
{
c.ReasonCode = MqttConnectReasonCode.BadUserNameOrPassword;
return;
}
c.ReasonCode = MqttConnectReasonCode.Success;
}).WithSubscriptionInterceptor(
c =>
{
c.AcceptSubscription = true;
}).WithApplicationMessageInterceptor(
c =>
{
c.AcceptPublish = true;
});
mqttServer = new MqttFactory().CreateMqttServer() as MqttServer;
mqttServer.StartedHandler = new MqttServerStartedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerStarted);
mqttServer.StoppedHandler = new MqttServerStoppedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerStopped);
mqttServer.ClientConnectedHandler = new MqttServerClientConnectedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerClientConnected);
mqttServer.ClientDisconnectedHandler = new MqttServerClientDisconnectedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerClientDisconnected);
mqttServer.ClientSubscribedTopicHandler = new MqttServerClientSubscribedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerClientSubscribedTopic);
mqttServer.ClientUnsubscribedTopicHandler = new MqttServerClientUnsubscribedTopicHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServerClientUnsubscribedTopic);
mqttServer.ApplicationMessageReceivedHandler = new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttServer_ApplicationMessageReceived);
await mqttServer.StartAsync(optionsBuilder.Build());
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, "MQTT Server is started."));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Fatal, $"MQTT Server start fail.>{ex.Message}"));
}
}
public async void StopMqttServer()
{
if (mqttServer == null) return;
try
{
await mqttServer?.StopAsync();
mqttServer = null;
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, "MQTT Server is stopped."));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Fatal, $"MQTT Server stop fail.>{ex.Message}"));
}
}
MQTT Server/Broker发布消息
-从MQTT的设计来看,服务端是代理的角色,订阅者和发布者是客户端,所以通常来说,消息的订阅与发布应当都是客户端干的事。但是,服务端自然也是可以参与一下发布者的角色的。我还没想到这样用的实际场景,先功能实现一下——
- 很粗暴,先实例化一个MqttApplicationMessage对象,然后作为传参调用MqttServer.PublishAsync进行消息发布。
public async void ServerPublishMqttTopic(string topic, string payload)
{
var message = new MqttApplicationMessage()
{
Topic = topic,
Payload = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(payload)
};
await mqttServer.PublishAsync(message);
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, string.Format("MQTT Broker发布主题[{0}]成功!", topic)));
}
当然啦,MqttApplicationMessage还有很多属性值可以传,QoS(MqttQualityOfServiceLevel)、Retain等等,这里只是为了先实现功能,就只传了最简单的Topic和Payload。
MQTT Client实现
MQTT Client创建
整体的实现思路跟Server端如出一辙,声明一个MqttClientOptions,赋值各种连接Server端需要的参数,最后作为MqttClient.ConnectAsync的传参,连接Server。
这里我在MqttClientOptions里面尝试了一下WillMessage,其实就是一个MqttApplicationMessage对象,WillMessage作为遗言机制,用于Client跟Server端挂点时的广播通知。
再之后就是实现MqttClient的各个事件,用来客制Connected,Disconnected,MessageReceived的各种逻辑,跟Server端实现没有什么区别,不再赘述。
上代码——
private MqttClient mqttClient = null;
private async Task ClientStart()
{
try
{
var tcpServer = txtIPAddr.Text;
var tcpPort = int.Parse(txtPort.Text.Trim());
var mqttUser = txtUserName.Text.Trim();
var mqttPassword = txtPWD.Text.Trim();
var mqttFactory = new MqttFactory();
var options = new MqttClientOptions
{
ClientId = txtClientID.Text.Trim(),
ProtocolVersion = MQTTnet.Formatter.MqttProtocolVersion.V311,
ChannelOptions = new MqttClientTcpOptions
{
Server = tcpServer,
Port = tcpPort
},
WillDelayInterval = 10,
WillMessage = new MqttApplicationMessage()
{
Topic = $"LastWill/{txtClientID.Text.Trim()}",
Payload= Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("I Lost the connection!"),
QualityOfServiceLevel = MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.ExactlyOnce
}
};
if (options.ChannelOptions == null)
{
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(mqttUser))
{
options.Credentials = new MqttClientCredentials
{
Username = mqttUser,
Password = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(mqttPassword)
};
}
options.CleanSession = true;
options.KeepAlivePeriod = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);
mqttClient = mqttFactory.CreateMqttClient() as MqttClient;
mqttClient.ConnectedHandler = new MqttClientConnectedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttClientConnected);
mqttClient.DisconnectedHandler = new MqttClientDisconnectedHandlerDelegate(OnMqttClientDisConnected);
mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceivedHandler = new MqttApplicationMessageReceivedHandlerDelegate(OnSubscriberMessageReceived);
await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(options);
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, $"客户端[{options.ClientId}]尝试连接..."));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Fatal, $"客户端尝试连接出错.>{ex.Message}"));
}
}
private async Task ClientStop()
{
try
{
if (mqttClient == null) return;
await mqttClient.DisconnectAsync();
mqttClient = null;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Fatal, $"客户端尝试断开Server出错.>{ex.Message}"));
}
}
MQTT Client发布消息
这里的实现逻辑跟写法和Server端的发布别无二致,我在这里的MqttApplicationMessage补上了QoS和Retain的设置,由Form页面的控件传参。
这里补一句关于Retain的用法:Retain意为保留,设为True表示这条消息发布的时候如果没有订阅者,则该消息保留在Server端,直到被人订阅时立刻发布出去并删除,设为False时则没有这样的效果。
public async void ClientPublishMqttTopic(string topic, string payload)
{
try
{
var message = new MqttApplicationMessage()
{
Topic = topic,
Payload = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(payload),
QualityOfServiceLevel = (MqttQualityOfServiceLevel)cmbQos.SelectedIndex,
Retain = bool.Parse(cmbRetain.SelectedItem.ToString())
};
await mqttClient.PublishAsync(message);
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, string.Format("客户端[{0}]发布主题[{1}]成功!", mqttClient.Options.ClientId, topic)));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Fatal, string.Format("客户端[{0}]发布主题[{1}]异常!>{2}", mqttClient.Options.ClientId, topic,ex.Message)));
}
}
MQTT Clien订阅消息
呼叫MqttClient.SubscribeAsync,传入消息主题即可。
public async void ClientSubscribeTopic(string topic)
{
await mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(topic);
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, string.Format("客户端[{0}]订阅主题[{1}]成功!", mqttClient.Options.ClientId, topic)));
}
MQTT Clien取消订阅消息
呼叫MqttClient.UnsubscribeAsync,取消消息订阅。
public async void ClientUnSubscribeTopic(string topic)
{
await mqttClient.UnsubscribeAsync(topic);
lbxMonitor.BeginInvoke(_updateMonitorAction,
Logger.TraceLog(Logger.Level.Info, string.Format("客户端[{0}]取消主题[{1}]成功!", mqttClient.Options.ClientId, topic)));
}
至此,简单的基于MQTTnet的Server端以及Client端的功能就实现咯,完整代码已传至GitHub,欢迎大家指点讨论,共同进步,一起成长!
发布者:全栈程序员-用户IM,转载请注明出处:https://javaforall.cn/152881.html原文链接:https://javaforall.cn
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