大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。
最近发现一个新的东西（可能以前一直没有注意） Apache 中的 rewrite_modul 模块。
可以将你的 url 得到的地址直接重新定义成 自己想要的位置。 也就是说 输入的 URL 可以 重新定义成 一个动态的 地址。 而且这个 ＵＲＬ 不会被改写，动态地址是在后台执行然后返回数据。
这个功能还可以使用在 写程序时自己定义的 CACHE ，完全提高服务器负担，加快响应时间，这个就看你怎么使用了。
取消了APACHE 配置文件 http.conf 里LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so前面的注释。目录下需要有一个配置文件 .htaccess
内容如下（例子）：
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /tt/
RewriteCond %{ ENV:REDIRECT_SURI } !^$
RewriteRule (.*) – [L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/*$ blog/index.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+[0-9]+$ blog/item.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+favicon/.ico$ blog/favicon.ico.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+index/.gif$ blog/index.gif.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteCond %{ QUERY_STRING } (^|&)pl=([0-9]+)
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+index/.php$ %2 [NE,L]
RewriteCond %{ REQUEST_FILENAME } -f [OR]
RewriteCond %{ REQUEST_FILENAME } -d
RewriteRule !^(blog|cache)/ – [L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+(entry|attachment|category|keylog|tag|search|plugin)/? blog/$1/index.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+(.+)/[0-9]+$ blog/$1/item.php [E=SURI:1,L]
RewriteRule ^[[:alnum:]]+/+(.+)$ blog/$1/index.php [E=SURI:1,L]
具体内容需要按照自己使用时候不同而设置不同。同样上面的信息可以直接写进 Apache 的 conf 文件里面，用样有效。 如果生成文件后 就只对该目录有效。
Apache 官方的说明书 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/misc/rewriteguide.html
这个是个很好的东西，还需要具体研究一下。
具体例子如下：
| 目标 | 重写设置 | 说明 |
| 规范化URL | RewriteRule ^/~([^/]+)/?(.*) /u/$1/$2 [R] | 将/~user重写为/u/user的形式 |
| RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)$ /$1/$2/ [R] | 将/u/user末尾漏掉的/补上 | |
| 规范化HostName | RewriteCond %{ HTTP_HOST } !^fully/.qualified/.domain/.name [NC] | 域名不合格 |
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_HOST } !^$ | 不空 | |
| RewriteCond %{ SERVER_PORT } !^80$ | 不是80端口 | |
| RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name:%{ SERVER_PORT }/$1 [L,R] | 重写 | |
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_HOST } !^fully/.qualified/.domain/.name [NC] | ||
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_HOST } !^$ | ||
| RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://fully.qualified.domain.name/$1 [L,R] | ||
| URL根目录转移 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteRule ^/$ /e/www/ [R] | 从/移到/e/www/ | |
| 末尾目录补斜线 | RewriteEngine on | |
| （目录范围内） | RewriteBase /~quux/ | |
| RewriteRule ^foo$ foo/ [R] | /~quux/foo是一个目录，补/ | |
| RewriteEngine on | ||
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteCond %{ REQUEST_FILENAME } -d | 如果请文件名是个目录 | |
| RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ $1/ [R] | URL末尾不是斜线时补上 | |
| Web集群 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteMap user-to-host txt:/path/to/map.user-to-host | 用户－服务器映射 | |
| RewriteMap group-to-host txt:/path/to/map.group-to-host | 组－服务器映射 | |
| RewriteMap entity-to-host txt:/path/to/map.entity-to-host | 实体－服务器映射 | |
| RewriteRule ^/u/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${ user-to-host:$1|server0 }/u/$1/$2 | 用户均衡 | |
| RewriteRule ^/g/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${ group-to-host:$1|server0 }/g/$1/$2 | 组均衡 | |
| RewriteRule ^/e/([^/]+)/?(.*) http://${ entity-to-host:$1|server0 }/e/$1/$2 | 实体均衡 | |
| RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/?$ /$1/$2/.www/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^/([uge])/([^/]+)/([^.]+.+) /$1/$2/.www/$3/ | ||
| URL根目录搬迁 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteRule ^/~(.+) http://newserver/~$1 [R,L] | 到其它服务器 | |
| 所用户名首字母分 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteRule ^/~(([a-z])[a-z0-9]+)(.*) /home/$2/$1/.www$3 | 内一层括号为$2 | |
| NCSA imagemap移 | RewriteEngine on | |
| 植为mod_imap | RewriteRule ^/cgi-bin/imagemap(.*) $1 [PT] | |
| 多目录查找资源 | RewriteEngine on | |
| # first try to find it in custom/… | ||
| RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir1/%{ REQUEST_FILENAME } -f | ||
| RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir1/$1 [L] | ||
| # second try to find it in pub/… | ||
| RewriteCond /your/docroot/dir2/%{ REQUEST_FILENAME } -f | ||
| RewriteRule ^(.+) /your/docroot/dir2/$1 [L] | ||
| # else go on for other Alias or ScriptAlias directives, | ||
| RewriteRule ^(.+) – [PT] | ||
| 据URL设置环境变量 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteRule ^(.*)/S=([^/]+)/(.*) $1/$3 [E=STATUS:$2] | ||
| 虚拟主机 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_HOST } ^www/.[^.]+/.host/.com$ | 基于用户名 | |
| RewriteRule ^(.+) %{ HTTP_HOST }$1 [C] | ||
| RewriteRule ^www/.([^.]+)/.host/.com(.*) /home/$1$2 | ||
| 内外人有别 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteCond %{ REMOTE_HOST } !^.+/.ourdomain/.com$ | 基于远程主机 | |
| RewriteRule ^(/~.+) http://www.somewhere.com/$1 [R,L] | ||
| 错误重定向 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteCond /your/docroot/%{ REQUEST_FILENAME } !-f | 不是regular文件 | |
| RewriteRule ^(.+) http://webserverB.dom/$1 | ||
| 程序处理特殊协议 | RewriteRule ^xredirect:(.+) /path/to/nph-xredirect.cgi/$1 / | Xredirect协议 |
| [T=application/x-httpd-cgi,L] | ||
| 最近镜像下载 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteMap multiplex txt:/path/to/map.cxan | 顶级域名与最近ftp服务器映射 | |
| RewriteRule ^/CxAN/(.*) %{ REMOTE_HOST }::$1 [C] | ||
| RewriteRule ^.+/.([a-zA-Z]+)::(.*)$ ${ multiplex:$1|ftp.default.dom }$2 [R,L] | 据顶级域名不同提供不同的FTP服务器 | |
| 基于时间重写 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteCond %{ TIME_HOUR }%{ TIME_MIN } >0700 | ||
| RewriteCond %{ TIME_HOUR }%{ TIME_MIN } <1900 | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.day.html | 白天为早晚7点间 | |
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.night.html | 其余为夜间 | |
| 向前兼容扩展名 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| # parse out basename, but remember the fact | ||
| RewriteRule ^(.*)/.html$ $1 [C,E=WasHTML:yes] | ||
| # rewrite to document.phtml if exists | ||
| RewriteCond %{ REQUEST_FILENAME }.phtml -f | 如果存在$1.phtml则重写 | |
| RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.phtml [S=1] | ||
| # else reverse the previous basename cutout | ||
| RewriteCond %{ ENV:WasHTML } ^yes$ | 如果不存在$1.phtml，则保持不变 | |
| RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.html | ||
| 文件改名（目录级） | RewriteEngine on | 内部重写 |
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ bar.html | ||
| RewriteEngine on | 重定向由客户端再次提交 | |
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ bar.html [R] | ||
| 据浏览器类型重写 | RewriteCond %{ HTTP_USER_AGENT } ^Mozilla/3.* | |
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.NS.html [L] | ||
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_USER_AGENT } ^Lynx/.* [OR] | ||
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_USER_AGENT } ^Mozilla/[12].* | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.20.html [L] | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.32.html [L] | ||
| 动态镜像远程资源 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^hotsheet/(.*)$ http://www.tstimpreso.com/hotsheet/$1 [P] | 利用了代理模块 | |
| RewriteEngine on | ||
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^usa-news/.html$ http://www.quux-corp.com/news/index.html [P] | ||
| 反向动态镜像 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteCond /mirror/of/remotesite/$1 -U | ||
| RewriteRule ^http://www/.remotesite/.com/(.*)$ /mirror/of/remotesite/$1 | ||
| 负载均衡 | RewriteEngine on | 利用代理实现round-robin效果 |
| RewriteMap lb prg:/path/to/lb.pl | ||
| RewriteRule ^/(.+)$ ${ lb:$1 } [P,L] | ||
| #!/path/to/perl | ||
| $| = 1; | ||
| $name = “www”; # the hostname base | ||
| $first = 1; # the first server (not 0 here, because 0 is myself) | ||
| $last = 5; # the last server in the round-robin | ||
| $domain = “foo.dom”; # the domainname | ||
| $cnt = 0; | ||
| while ( ) { | ||
| $cnt = (($cnt+1) % ($last+1-$first)); | ||
| $server = sprintf(“%s%d.%s”, $name, $cnt+$first, $domain); | ||
| print “http://$server/$_”; | ||
| } | ||
| ##EOF## | ||
| 静态页面变脚本 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteBase /~quux/ | ||
| RewriteRule ^foo/.html$ foo.cgi [T=application/x-httpd-cgi] | ||
| 阻击机器人 | RewriteCond %{ HTTP_USER_AGENT } ^NameOfBadRobot.* | |
| RewriteCond %{ REMOTE_ADDR } ^123/.45/.67/.[8-9]$ | ||
| RewriteRule ^/~quux/foo/arc/.+ – [F] | ||
| 阻止盗连你的图片 | RewriteCond %{ HTTP_REFERER } !^$ | |
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_REFERER } !^http://www.quux-corp.de/~quux/.*$ [NC] | 自己的连接可不能被阻止 | |
| RewriteRule .*/.gif$ – [F] | ||
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_REFERER } !^$ | ||
| RewriteCond %{ HTTP_REFERER } !.*/foo-with-gif/.html$ | ||
| RewriteRule ^inlined-in-foo/.gif$ – [F] | ||
| 拒绝某些主机访问 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteMap hosts-deny txt:/path/to/hosts.deny | ||
| RewriteCond ${ hosts-deny:%{ REMOTE_HOST }|NOT-FOUND } !=NOT-FOUND [OR] | ||
| RewriteCond ${ hosts-deny:%{ REMOTE_ADDR }|NOT-FOUND } !=NOT-FOUND | ||
| RewriteRule ^/.* – [F] | ||
| 用户授权 | RewriteCond %{ REMOTE_IDENT }@%{ REMOTE_HOST } !^friend1@client1.quux-corp/.com$ | |
| RewriteCond %{ REMOTE_IDENT }@%{ REMOTE_HOST } !^friend2@client2.quux-corp/.com$ | ||
| RewriteCond %{ REMOTE_IDENT }@%{ REMOTE_HOST } !^friend3@client3.quux-corp/.com$ | ||
| RewriteRule ^/~quux/only-for-friends/ – [F] | ||
| 外部重写程序模板 | RewriteEngine on | |
| RewriteMap quux-map prg:/path/to/map.quux.pl | ||
| RewriteRule ^/~quux/(.*)$ /~quux/${ quux-map:$1 } | ||
| #!/path/to/perl | ||
| $| = 1; | ||
| while (<>) { | ||
| s|^foo/|bar/|; | ||
| print $_; | ||
| } | ||
| 搜索引擎友好 | RewriteRule ^/products$ /content.php | |
| RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+)$ /content.php?id=$1 | ||
| RewriteRule ^/products/([0-9]+),([ad]*),([0-9]{ 0,3 }),([0-9]*),([0-9]*$) /marso/content.php?id=$1&sort=$2&order=$3&start=$4 |
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