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问题描述
首先,给出调度服务的 Java 代码示例:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class TaskProcessSchedule {
// 核心线程数
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 10;
// 查询数据步长
private static final int ROWS_STEP = 30;
@Resource
private TaskDao taskDao;
@Resource
private TaskService taskService;
private static ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(THREAD_COUNT);
public TaskProcessSchedule() {
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) {
scheduledExecutorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(
new TaskWorker(i * ROWS_STEP, ROWS_STEP),
10,
2,
TimeUnit.SECONDS
);
}
log.info("TaskProcessSchedule scheduleAtFixedRate start success.");
}
class TaskWorker implements Runnable {
private int offset;
private int rows;
TaskWorker(int offset, int rows) {
this.offset = offset;
this.rows = rows;
}
@Override
public void run() {
List<Task> taskList = taskDao.selectProcessingTaskByLimitRange(offset, rows);
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(taskList)) {
return;
}
log.info("TaskWorker: current schedule thread name is {}, taskList is {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), JsonUtil.toJson(taskList));
taskService.processTask(taskList);
}
}
}
如上述代码所示,启动 10 个调度线程,延迟 10 秒,开始执行定时逻辑,然后每隔 2 秒执行一次定时任务。定时任务类为TaskWorker
,其要做的事就是根据offset
和rows
参数,到数据库捞取指定范围的待处理记录,然后送到TaskService
的processTask
方法中进行处理。从逻辑上来看,该定时没有什么毛病,但是在执行定时任务的时候,却经常出现卡顿的问题,表现出来的现象就是:定时任务不执行了。
问题定位
既然已经知道问题的现象了,现在我们就来看看如果定位问题。
- 使用
jps
命令,查询当前服务器运行的 Java 进程PID
当然,也可以直接使用jps | grep "ServerName"
查询指定服务的PID
,其中ServerName
为服务名称。
- 使用
jstack PID | grep "schedule"
命令,查询调度线程的状态
如上图所示,发现我们启动的 10 个调度线程均处于WAITING
状态。
- 使用
jstack PID | grep "schedule-task-10" -A 50
命令,查询指定线程的详细信息
如上图所示,我们可以知道调度线程在执行DelayedWorkQueue
的take()
方法的时候被卡主了。
深入分析
通过上面的问题定位,我们已经知道了代码卡在了这里:
at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$DelayedWorkQueue.take(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:1088)
那么接下来,我们就详细分析一下出问题的代码。
public RunnableScheduledFuture<?> take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
for (;;) {
RunnableScheduledFuture<?> first = queue[0];
if (first == null)
available.await();
else {
long delay = first.getDelay(NANOSECONDS);
if (delay <= 0)
return finishPoll(first);
first = null; // don't retain ref while waiting
if (leader != null)
available.await(); // 1088 行代码
else {
Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread();
leader = thisThread;
try {
available.awaitNanos(delay);
} finally {
if (leader == thisThread)
leader = null;
}
}
}
}
} finally {
if (leader == null && queue[0] != null)
available.signal();
lock.unlock();
}
}
由于上述代码可知,当延迟队列的任务为空,或者当任务不为空且leader
线程不为null
的时候,都会调用await
方法;而且,就算leader
为null
,后续也会调用awaitNanos
方法进行延迟设置。下面, 我们再来看看提交任务的方法scheduleAtFixedRate
:
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,
long initialDelay,
long period,
TimeUnit unit) {
if (command == null || unit == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (period <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
ScheduledFutureTask<Void> sft =
new ScheduledFutureTask<Void>(command,
null,
triggerTime(initialDelay, unit),
unit.toNanos(period));
RunnableScheduledFuture<Void> t = decorateTask(command, sft);
sft.outerTask = t;
delayedExecute(t);
return t;
}
在scheduleAtFixedRate
方法中会调用decorateTask
方法装饰任务t
,然后再将该任务扔到delayedExecute
方法中进行处理。
private void delayedExecute(RunnableScheduledFuture<?> task) {
if (isShutdown())
reject(task);
else {
super.getQueue().add(task);
if (isShutdown() &&
!canRunInCurrentRunState(task.isPeriodic()) &&
remove(task))
task.cancel(false);
else
ensurePrestart();
}
}
在delayedExecute
方法中,主要是检查线程池中是否可以创建线程,如果不可以,则拒绝任务;否则,向任务队列中添加任务并调用ensurePrestart
方法。
void ensurePrestart() {
int wc = workerCountOf(ctl.get());
if (wc < corePoolSize)
addWorker(null, true);
else if (wc == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
在ensurePrestart
方法中,主要就是判断工作线程数量是否大于核心线程数,然后根据判断的结果,使用不同的参数调用addWorker
方法。
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
在addWorker
方法中,主要目的就是将任务添加到workers
工作线程池并启动工作线程。接下来,我们再来看看Worker
的执行逻辑,也就是run
方法:
public void run() {
runWorker(this);
}
在run
方法中,主要就是将调用转发到外部的runWorker
方法:
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
w.lock();
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
task.run(); // 执行调度任务
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
在runWorker
方法中,核心操作就是调用task.run()
,其中task
为Runnable
类型,其实现类为ScheduledFutureTask
,而ScheduledFutureTask
继承了FutureTask
类。对于FutureTask
类,如果在执行run
方法的过程中抛出异常,则这个异常并不会显示抛出,而是需要我们调用FutureTask
的get
方法来获取,因此如果我们在执行调度任务的时候没有进行异常处理,则异常会被吞噬。
特别地,在FutureTask
类中,大量操作了sun.misc.Unsafe LockSupport
类,而这个类的park
方法,正是上面我们排查问题时定位到调度任务卡住的地方。除此之外,如果我们详细阅读了ScheduledExecutorService
的scheduleAtFixedRate
的 doc 文档,如下所示:
/** * Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first * after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given * period; that is executions will commence after * {@code initialDelay} then {@code initialDelay+period}, then * {@code initialDelay + 2 * period}, and so on. * If any execution of the task * encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed. * Otherwise, the task will only terminate via cancellation or * termination of the executor. If any execution of this task * takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions * may start late, but will not concurrently execute. * * @param command the task to execute * @param initialDelay the time to delay first execution * @param period the period between successive executions * @param unit the time unit of the initialDelay and period parameters * @return a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of * the task, and whose {@code get()} method will throw an * exception upon cancellation * @throws RejectedExecutionException if the task cannot be * scheduled for execution * @throws NullPointerException if command is null * @throws IllegalArgumentException if period less than or equal to zero */
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command,
long initialDelay,
long period,
TimeUnit unit);
我们会发现这样一句话:
If any execution of the task encounters an exception, subsequent executions are suppressed.
翻译过来,就是:
如果任务的任何执行遇到异常,则禁止后续的执行。
说白了,就是在执行调度任务的时候,如果遇到了(未捕获)的异常,则后续的任务都不会执行了。
解决方法
到这里,我们已经知道了问题产生的原因。下面,我们就修改开篇的示例代码,进行优化:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class TaskProcessSchedule {
// 核心线程数
private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 10;
// 查询数据步长
private static final int ROWS_STEP = 30;
@Resource
private TaskDao taskDao;
@Resource
private TaskService taskService;
private static ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(THREAD_COUNT);
public TaskProcessSchedule() {
for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) {
scheduledExecutorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(
new TaskWorker(i * ROWS_STEP, ROWS_STEP),
10,
2,
TimeUnit.SECONDS
);
}
log.info("TaskProcessSchedule scheduleAtFixedRate start success.");
}
class TaskWorker implements Runnable {
private int offset;
private int rows;
TaskWorker(int offset, int rows) {
this.offset = offset;
this.rows = rows;
}
@Override
public void run() {
List<Task> taskList = taskDao.selectProcessingTaskByLimitRange(offset, rows);
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(taskList)) {
return;
}
log.info("TaskWorker: current schedule thread name is {}, taskList is {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), JsonUtil.toJson(taskList));
try {
// 新增异常处理
taskService.processTask(taskList);
} catch (Throwable e) {
log.error("TaskWorker come across a error {}", e);
}
}
}
}
如上述代码所示,我们对任务的核心逻辑进行了try-catch
处理,这样当任务再抛出异常的时候,仅会忽略抛出异常的任务,而不会影响后续的任务。这也说明一件事,那就是:我们在编码的时候,要特别注意对异常情况的处理。
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