大家好,又见面了,我是全栈君。
从普通Web页面上传文件非常easy。仅仅须要在form标签叫上enctype=”multipart/form-data”就可以,剩余工作便都交给浏览器去完毕数据收集并发送Http请求。可是假设没有页面的话要怎么上传文件呢?
因为脱离了浏览器的环境,我们就要自己去完毕数据的收集并发送请求。所以就非常麻烦了。首先我们来写个JSP页面并看看浏览器发出的Http请求是什么样的
JSP页面:
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>TestSubmit</title> </head> <body> <form name="upform" action="upload.do" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data"> 參数<input type="text" name="username"/><br/> 文件1<input type="file" name="file1"/><br/> 文件2<input type="file" name="file2"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="Submit" /><br/> </form> </body> </html>
假如我參数写的内容是hello word,然后二个文件是二个简单的txt文件。form提交的信息为:
-----------------------------7da2e536604c8 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="username" hello word -----------------------------7da2e536604c8 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file1"; filename="D:/haha.txt" Content-Type: text/plain haha hahaha -----------------------------7da2e536604c8 Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file2"; filename="D:/huhu.txt" Content-Type: text/plain messi huhu -----------------------------7da2e536604c8--
研究下规律发现有例如以下几点特征:
1. 第一行是“—————————–7da2e536604c8”作为分隔符,然后是“/r/n”回车换行符。 这个7da2e536604c8分隔符浏览器是随机生成的。
2. 第二行是Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”username”。代表form表单的数据域,name相应页面input标签的name值。
3. 第三行是“/r/n”回车换行符。
4. 第四行是參数username的值。
5. 第五行是7da2e536604c8分隔符。
6. 从第六行到第十行和从第十二行到第十六行,各自是上传的两个文件的数据域。
7. 第十二行是Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”file2″; filename=”D:/huhu.txt”。name相应页面input标签的name值。filename相应要上传的文件名称(包含路径在内)。
8. 第十三行假设是文件就有Content-Type: text/plain。这里上传的是txt文件所以是text/plain。假设上穿的是jpg图片的话就是image/jpg了,能够自己试试看看。
然后就是回车换行符。
9. 第十五、十六行就是文件的内容了。如:
messi huhu
10. 最后一行是—————————–7da2e536604c8–。注意最后多了二个“–”。作为结束的标志。
那么我们仅仅要模拟这个数据,并写入到Http请求中便能实现文件的上传。
事实上。在我之前的文章:HttpClient使用具体解释 ,就已经有利用HttpClient工具包上传文件的样例。HttpClient是Apache的一个强大的模拟并发送全部Http请求的开源类库,有时间的。大家能够学习学习,但本篇文章中。并不以HttpClient为例。而是採用Java自带的HttpURLConnection实现的。
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import net.sf.jmimemagic.Magic; import net.sf.jmimemagic.MagicMatch; public class HttpPostUploadUtil { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { String filepath = "E:\\ziliao\import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map; import net.sf.jmimemagic.Magic; import net.sf.jmimemagic.MagicMatch; public class HttpPostUploadUtil { /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { String filepath = "E:\\ziliao\\0.jpg"; String urlStr = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/minicms/up/up_result.jsp"; Map<String, String> textMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); textMap.put("name", "testname"); Map<String, String> fileMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); fileMap.put("userfile", filepath); String ret = formUpload(urlStr, textMap, fileMap); System.out.println(ret); } /** * 上传图片 * @param urlStr * @param textMap * @param fileMap * @return */ public static String formUpload(String urlStr, Map<String, String> textMap, Map<String, String> fileMap) { String res = ""; HttpURLConnection conn = null; String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------123821742118716"; //boundary就是request头和上传文件内容的分隔符 try { URL url = new URL(urlStr); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setReadTimeout(30000); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6)"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY); OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); // text if (textMap != null) { StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iter = textMap.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iter.next(); String inputName = (String) entry.getKey(); String inputValue = (String) entry.getValue(); if (inputValue == null) { continue; } strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + inputName + "\"\r\n\r\n"); strBuf.append(inputValue); } out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes()); } // file if (fileMap != null) { Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iter = fileMap.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iter.next(); String inputName = (String) entry.getKey(); String inputValue = (String) entry.getValue(); if (inputValue == null) { continue; } File file = new File(inputValue); String filename = file.getName(); MagicMatch match = Magic.getMagicMatch(file, false, true); String contentType = match.getMimeType(); StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + inputName + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Type:" + contentType + "\r\n\r\n"); out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes()); DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); int bytes = 0; byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024]; while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) { out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes); } in.close(); } } byte[] endData = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes(); out.write(endData); out.flush(); out.close(); // 读取返回数据 StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { strBuf.append(line).append("\n"); } res = strBuf.toString(); reader.close(); reader = null; } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("发送POST请求出错。" + urlStr); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); conn = null; } } return res; } }.jpg"; String urlStr = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/minicms/up/up_result.jsp"; Map<String, String> textMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); textMap.put("name", "testname"); Map<String, String> fileMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); fileMap.put("userfile", filepath); String ret = formUpload(urlStr, textMap, fileMap); System.out.println(ret); } /** * 上传图片 * @param urlStr * @param textMap * @param fileMap * @return */ public static String formUpload(String urlStr, Map<String, String> textMap, Map<String, String> fileMap) { String res = ""; HttpURLConnection conn = null; String BOUNDARY = "---------------------------123821742118716"; //boundary就是request头和上传文件内容的分隔符 try { URL url = new URL(urlStr); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setConnectTimeout(5000); conn.setReadTimeout(30000); conn.setDoOutput(true); conn.setDoInput(true); conn.setUseCaches(false); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive"); conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.6)"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY); OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream()); // text if (textMap != null) { StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iter = textMap.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iter.next(); String inputName = (String) entry.getKey(); String inputValue = (String) entry.getValue(); if (inputValue == null) { continue; } strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + inputName + "\"\r\n\r\n"); strBuf.append(inputValue); } out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes()); } // file if (fileMap != null) { Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iter = fileMap.entrySet().iterator(); while (iter.hasNext()) { Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iter.next(); String inputName = (String) entry.getKey(); String inputValue = (String) entry.getValue(); if (inputValue == null) { continue; } File file = new File(inputValue); String filename = file.getName(); MagicMatch match = Magic.getMagicMatch(file, false, true); String contentType = match.getMimeType(); StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); strBuf.append("\r\n").append("--").append(BOUNDARY).append("\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + inputName + "\"; filename=\"" + filename + "\"\r\n"); strBuf.append("Content-Type:" + contentType + "\r\n\r\n"); out.write(strBuf.toString().getBytes()); DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); int bytes = 0; byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024]; while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) { out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes); } in.close(); } } byte[] endData = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes(); out.write(endData); out.flush(); out.close(); // 读取返回数据 StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String line = null; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { strBuf.append(line).append("\n"); } res = strBuf.toString(); reader.close(); reader = null; } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("发送POST请求出错。" + urlStr); e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); conn = null; } } return res; } }
在上述代码中,关于contentType的获取方式。我在上篇文章中已经讲述过了,有兴趣的能够看看。
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