python 对selenium框架进行二次封装，原来如此简单

selenium模块的使用，虽然说是非常的简单，但是如果不对一些基础的操作进行二次封装之后再使用，那么当网页发生变化时候，这时候去修改程序就是一件非常麻烦的事情了，那么一些提供一个对selenium模块进行二次封装的方法吧。

""" 此文件为selenium常用方法二次封装文件 """
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains   # 处理鼠标事件(高级操作)
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait            # 隐式等待
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options             # 添加设置浏览器驱动的头部信息时候使用（代理Ip等等）
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException,TimeoutException     # 异常处理（捕获异常）
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
class browser(object):
""" selenium框架的主要类 """
original_window = None
# 初始化函数，确定打开的驱动浏览器
def __init__(self, browser='firefox'):
""" 运行初始化方法默认firefox，当然，也可以外部传入一个其他浏览器名称，进行替换 """
if browser == "firefox":
self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
elif browser == "chrome":
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
elif browser == "internet explorer" or browser == "ie":
self.driver = webdriver.Ie()
elif browser == "opera":
self.driver = webdriver.Opera()
# 不显示页面的浏览器
elif browser == "chrome_headless":
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument('--headless')
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)
elif browser == 'edge':
self.driver = webdriver.Edge()
else:
raise NameError(
"找不到 %s 浏览器,你应该从这里面选取一个 'ie', 'firefox', 'opera', 'edge', 'chrome' or 'chrome_headless'." % browser)
def element_wait(self, by, value, secs=5):
""" 等待元素显示，显示等待元素，消耗时间最短 """
try:
if by == "id":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, value)))
elif by == "name":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.NAME, value)))
elif by == "class":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, value)))
elif by == "link_text":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, value)))
elif by == "xpath":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, value)))
elif by == "css":
WebDriverWait(self.driver, secs, 1).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, value)))
else:
raise NoSuchElementException(
"找不到元素，请检查语法或元素")
except TimeoutException:
print("查找元素超时请检查元素")
def get_element(self, css):
""" 判断元素定位方式，并返回元素 """
if "=>" not in css:
by = "css"  # 如果是css的格式是#aaa,所以在此加入判断如果不包含=>就默认是css传给上面的element_wait判断元素是否存在
value = css
# wait element.
self.element_wait(by, css)
else:
by = css.split("=>")[0]
value = css.split("=>")[1]
if by == "" or value == "":
raise NameError(
"语法错误，参考: 'id=>kw 或 xpath=>//*[@id='kw'].")
self.element_wait(by, value)
if by == "id":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(value)
elif by == "name":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(value)
elif by == "class":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(value)
elif by == "link_text":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(value)
elif by == "xpath":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(value)  # 如果是xpath要以此格式传入xpath=>//*[@id='su']
elif by == "css":
element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(value)
else:
raise NameError(
"Please enter the correct targeting elements,'id','name','class','link_text','xpath','css'.")
return element
def open(self, url):
""" 打开url. 用法: driver.open("https://www.baidu.com") """
self.driver.get(url)
def max_window(self):
""" 设置浏览器最大化. 用法: driver.max_window() """
self.driver.maximize_window()
def set_window(self, wide, high):
""" 设置浏览器窗口宽和高. 用法: driver.set_window(wide,high) """
self.driver.set_window_size(wide, high)
def send_value(self, css, text):
""" 操作输入框. 用法: driver.type("css=>#el","selenium") """
el = self.get_element(css)
el.send_keys(text)
def clear(self, css):
""" 清除输入框的内容. 用法: driver.clear("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
el.clear()
def click(self, css):
""" 它可以点击任何文本/图像 连接，复选框，单选按钮，甚至下拉框等等.. 用法: driver.click("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
el.click()
def right_click(self, css):
""" 右键单击元素. 用法: driver.right_click("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
ActionChains(self.driver).context_click(el).perform()
def move_to_element(self, css):
""" 鼠标移到元素（悬停）. 用法: driver.move_to_element("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()
def double_click(self, css):
""" 双击元素. 用法: driver.double_click("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
ActionChains(self.driver).double_click(el).perform()
def drag_and_drop(self, el_css, ta_css):
""" 把一个元素拖到一定的距离，然后把它放下. 用法: driver.drag_and_drop("css=>#el","css=>#ta") """
element = self.get_element(el_css)
target = self.get_element(ta_css)
ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()
def click_text(self, text):
""" 单击链接文本中的元素 用法: driver.click_text("新闻") """
self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(text).click()
def close(self):
""" 模拟用户在弹出框的标题栏中点击“关闭”按钮窗口或选项卡. Usage: driver.close() """
self.driver.close()
def quit(self):
""" 关闭使用的所有窗口. 用法: driver.quit() """
self.driver.quit()
def submit(self, css):
""" 提交指定的表单 用法: driver.submit("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
el.submit()
def F5(self):
""" 刷新当前页面. 用法: driver.F5() """
self.driver.refresh()
def js(self, script):
""" 执行JavaScript脚本. 用法: driver.js("window.scrollTo(200,1000);") """
self.driver.execute_script(script)
def get_attribute(self, css, attribute):
""" 获取元素属性的值. 用法: driver.get_attribute("css=>#el","type") """
el = self.get_element(css)
return el.get_attribute(attribute)
def get_text(self, css):
""" 获得元素文本信息 用法: driver.get_text("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
return el.text
def get_display(self, css):
""" 获取元素来显示，返回结果为真或假. 用法: driver.get_display("css=>#el") """
el = self.get_element(css)
return el.is_displayed()
def get_title(self):
""" 得到窗口标题. 用法: driver.get_title() """
return self.driver.title
def get_url(self):
""" 获取当前页面的URL地址. 用法: driver.get_url() """
return self.driver.current_url
def get_alert_text(self):
""" 得到警报的文本. 用法: driver.get_alert_text() """
return self.driver.switch_to.alert.text
def wait(self, secs):
""" 隐式等，页面上的所有元素. 用法: driver.wait(10) """
self.driver.implicitly_wait(secs)
def accept_alert(self):
""" 接受警告框. 用法: driver.accept_alert() """
self.driver.switch_to.alert.accept()
def dismiss_alert(self):
""" Dismisses the alert available. 用法: driver.dismiss_alert() """
self.driver.switch_to.alert.dismiss()
def switch_to_frame(self, css):
""" 切换到指定的frame. 用法: driver.switch_to_frame("css=>#el") """
iframe_el = self.get_element(css)
self.driver.switch_to.frame(iframe_el)
def switch_to_frame_out(self):
""" Returns the current form machine form at the next higher level. Corresponding relationship with switch_to_frame () method. Usage: driver.switch_to_frame_out() """
self.driver.switch_to.default_content()
def open_new_window(self, css):
""" 打开新窗口并切换到新打开的窗口. 用法: 传入一个点击后会跳转的元素 driver.open_new_window("link_text=>注册") """
original_window = self.driver.current_window_handle
el = self.get_element(css)
el.click()
all_handles = self.driver.window_handles
for handle in all_handles:
if handle != original_window:
self.driver.switch_to.window(handle)
def get_screen_shot(self, file_path):
"""将当前窗口的屏幕截图保存到PNG图像文件中. 用法: driver.get_screen_shot('/Screenshots/foo.png') """
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path)
def select(self, css, value):
""" 构造函数。对给定的元素进行了检查，确实是一个SELECT标记。如果不是, 然后抛出一个意料之外的tag name exception. :Args: - css - element SELECT element to wrap - value - The value to match against Usage: <select name="NR" id="nr"> <option value="10" selected="">每页显示10条</option> <option value="20">每页显示20条</option> <option value="50">每页显示50条</option> </select> driver.select("#nr", '20') driver.select("xpath=>//[@name='NR']", '20') """
el = self.get_element(css)
Select(el).select_by_value(value)
if __name__ == '__main__':
driver = browser()