php 中使用cURL发送get/post请求，上传图片，批处理

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/8luqMEd8xt8oJxFLLCU1XA

文章正文

cURL是利用url语法规定传输文件和数据的工具。php中有curl拓展，一般用来实现网络抓取，模拟发送get post请求，文件上传。

　　在php中建立curl的基本步骤如下：

　　1 初始化 2 设置选项，包括url 3 执行并获取结果　　4 释放curl句柄。

　　在工作和学习中，我也是时常用的curl。由于在使用curl设置选项时，各种选项比较难以记忆，需要参考，故在此记录下常用的一些例子，以便后来参考。

实例一：抓取网页数据（以拉手网开放api为例，也是get请求）

<?php
header("Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8"); 
$ch = curl_init();//初始化

/*============开始设置curl各种选项================*/
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://open.lashou.com/opendeals/lashou/city.xml");
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);


$html = curl_exec($ch);//执行句柄，获取返回内容

curl_close($ch);//释放句柄

echo $html
?>

如果用这种方法发get请求，参数附加到url后面即可

如curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, “http://localhost/tqj/date/p822.php?name=yyyyy”);

实例 2 利用curl发送post请求

<?php
$uri = "http://localhost/tqj/date/p822.php";

// post参数数组
$data = array (
        'name' => 'tianquanjun',
        'password' => 'tianquanjun',
);

//初始化
$ch = curl_init ();

//各种项设置，网上参考而来，可以查看php手册，自己设置
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $uri );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1 );//post方式
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data );

//执行
$return = curl_exec ( $ch );
//释放
curl_close ( $ch );

print_r($return);
?>

实例三：curl 过程调试与错误信息处理

<?php
$uri = "http://localhost/tqj/date/p822.php";

// post参数数组
$data = array (
        'name' => 'tianquanjun',
        'password' => 'tianquanjun',
);

//初始化
$ch = curl_init ();

//各种项设置，网上参考而来，可以查看php手册，自己设置
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $uri );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1 );//post方式
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data );

//执行
$return = curl_exec ( $ch );

//容错机制
if($return === false){
    var_dump(curl_error($ch));
    }

//curl_getinfo()获取各种运行中信息，便于调试 
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);

echo "执行时间".$info['total_time'].PHP_EOL;

//释放
curl_close ( $ch );

print_r($return);
?>

其中利用curl_error()获取错误信息，curl_getinfo()获取运行相关信息。

实例四上传图片，获取返回信息。

跨域上传图片，同时获取返回信息，这个就能大显身手。和post比较像，注意文件之前加一个@符号

<?php
$uri = "http://localhost/tqj/date/p822.php";

// post参数数组
$data = array (
        'author' => 'tianquanjun',
        'upload' => '@C:\Users\tianquanjun.DANGDANG\Pictures\a.jpg',
);

//初始化
$ch = curl_init ();

//各种项设置，网上参考而来，可以查看php手册，自己设置
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_URL, $uri );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1 );//post方式
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1 );
curl_setopt ( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data );

//执行
$return = curl_exec ( $ch );

//容错机制
if($return === false){
    var_dump(curl_error($ch));
    }

//curl_getinfo()获取各种运行中信息，便于调试 
$info = curl_getinfo($ch);

echo "执行时间".$info['total_time'].PHP_EOL;

//释放
curl_close ( $ch );

print_r($return);
?>

实例五： curl批处理。

　　curl有一个高级特性，批处理句柄。允许打开多个curl链接。　

　　批处理就是打开多个curl句柄，并把这些句柄指派给一个批处理句柄，然后在while循环里等待处理完毕。curl_multi_exec()算是称得上多线程处理，不过它还是属于异步的范畴。

<?php
header("Content-type: text/html; charset=gbk");
$urls=array('http://www.baidu.com','http://www.qq.com/');
$ch=array();
//批处理句柄
$mh=curl_multi_init();

//打开多个curl句柄，并指派给一个批处理句柄
$ch[0]=curl_init($urls[0]);
$ch[1]=curl_init($urls[1]);
for($i=0;$i<2;$i++)
{
curl_setopt($ch[$i],CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_multi_add_handle($mh,$ch[$i]);

}
$running = NULL;
do{
    usleep(10000);
    curl_multi_exec($mh,$running);//实现批处理，可以看做curl多线程，实际是异步范畴
}while($running>0);
$res=array();
for($j=0;$j<2;$j++)
{
    $res[$j]=curl_multi_getcontent($ch[$j]);
}

//关闭句柄
for($k=0;$k<2;$k++)
{
    curl_multi_remove_handle($mh,$ch[$k]);
}
curl_multi_close($mh);

print_r($res);


?>

基本算是列举了常用的一些实例。要想灵活运用curl，还是得熟悉curl的各个设置项，这些设置项才是curl的灵魂。

==========================亲测效果===============================================

getwether.php

<?php
$data = "theCityName=邯郸";
$uri = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName";

//初始化
$obj = curl_init();

//设置
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_URL, $uri);
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);  //将头文件的信息作为数据流输出
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1); //执行后直接返回
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_POST, 1);  //post 方式
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $data);  //发送post请求参数
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_USERAGENT, " user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:62.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/62.0");//浏览器头信息
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array("application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8", "Content-Length:" . strlen($data))); //发送header头信息

$opt = curl_exec($obj);


if ($opt === false) {
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
} else {
    var_dump(curl_errno($obj));//int(0)

    $info = curl_getinfo($obj);
    echo '执行时间：'.$info['total_time'] . PHP_EOL;
//    echo $opt;
    print_r($opt);
}

curl_close($obj);

var_dump(curl_errno($obj));//int(0) 返回最后一次的错误号
var_dump(curl_error($obj)); //string(0) "" 返回一个保护当前会话最近一次错误的字符串

在cmd命令行中输入：

php -f getwether.php >wether.txt

int(0)
执行时间：0.187
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ArrayOfString xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
  <string>河北</string>
  <string>邯郸</string>
  <string>53892</string>
  <string>53892.jpg</string>
  <string>2018/10/17 22:45:23</string>
  <string>8℃/19℃</string>
  <string>10月17日 多云</string>
  <string>北风小于3级</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>今日天气实况：气温：12℃；风向/风力：北风 1级；湿度：77%；紫外线强度：弱。空气质量：中。</string>
  <string>紫外线指数：弱，辐射较弱，涂擦SPF12-15、PA+护肤品。
健臻·血糖指数：易波动，血糖易波动，注意监测。
穿衣指数：较舒适，建议穿薄外套或牛仔裤等服装。
洗车指数：较适宜，无雨且风力较小，易保持清洁度。
空气污染指数：中，易感人群应适当减少室外活动。
</string>
  <string>8℃/18℃</string>
  <string>10月18日 多云</string>
  <string>南风小于3级</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>9℃/19℃</string>
  <string>10月19日 多云</string>
  <string>南风小于3级</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>1.gif</string>
  <string>邯郸市是河北省最古老的城市，也是我国古代著名的城邑。早在2000多年前的春秋初期，就有邯郸的建制，当时邯郸已是一个人口聚居的城市。战国时作为赵国都城历经158年，秦统一后分别设邯郸县、邯郸郡。当时的邯郸经济昌盛、繁荣发达，与长安、洛阳、开封、成都同称五大都城。邯郸位于河北省南部，地处太行山东麓、淦阳河上，是晋冀鲁豫四省接壤的腹地。邯郸市位于太行山东麓，属暖温带半湿润半干旱大陆季风性气候。特点是四季分明，雨量适中，秋、春两季短，冬、夏两季长。邯郸市的自然环境得天独厚，西倚太行山，东临滏阳河，地势西北高、东南低，中部丘陵起伏，盆地交错；并有沁河、渚河、输元河流经市区（皆属滏阳河支流），丰富的水利资源为农业生产提供了优良的条件。景观：黄梁梦吕仙祠、永年君臣上寿石刻、学步桥、磁州窑、古邺城、兰陵王墓、天子冢、响堂山石窟、磁山古文化遗址等。</string>
</ArrayOfString>

====================爬去豆瓣电影api==================================

<?php

$uri="https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/in_theaters";
$data="city=邯郸&start=0&count=3";

$obj=curl_init();

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,$uri);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$data);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_POST,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,0);
$opt=curl_exec($obj);

if($opt===false){
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
}else{
    $info=curl_getinfo($obj);
   /* echo '<pre>';
    print_r($info);
    echo '</pre>';*/

   $movies=json_decode($opt,true);
    echo count($movies);
    echo '<pre>';
    print_r($movies);
    echo '</pre>';
}
curl_close($obj);

结果：

curl_getinfo函数获得信息：

php 中使用cURL发送get/post请求，上传图片，批处理

=============================================curl获得慕课用户信息=================================================

<?php
//C:\phpStudy\PHPTutorial\WWW\curl

date_default_timezone_set('PRC');


$data="username=用户名&password=密码&remember=1";
//15510485900 

$httpHeader=["Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8","Content-length:".strlen($data)];
$obj=curl_init();
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"https://www.imooc.com/user/login");
//curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.19)");
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);



curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_COOKIESESSION,true);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE,'cookiefile');
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR,'cookiefile');
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_COOKIE,session_name().'='.session_id());

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_HEADER,0);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,false);//不需要认证
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_POST,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$data);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,$httpHeader);
curl_setopt($obj, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 300);
$return=curl_exec($obj);

if($return===false){
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
}else{
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
    var_dump(curl_errno($obj));
}
//echo $return;
//curl_close($obj);
//echo 'ceshi ';
//die;
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"https://www.imooc.com/u/5510462/courses");
//curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"https://weibo.com/5549088156/profile?topnav=1&wvr=6&is_all=1");

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_POST,0);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,array("Content-type:text/xml;"));
$opt=curl_exec($obj);

/*if($opt===false){
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
}else{
    var_dump(curl_error($obj));
    var_dump(curl_errno($obj));
}*/

curl_close($obj);

echo $opt;

结果：

string(0) ""
int(0)


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==================================curl从ftp下载文件=============================================

<?php
$obj=curl_init();

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"ftp://dele.gotoftp3.com/wwwroot/404.php");
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_HEADER,0);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,300);//
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_USERPWD,"dee:r9uj");//账号密码

$outfile=fopen('download.php','wb');//保存到本地文件
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_FILE,$outfile);


$opt=curl_exec($obj);
fclose($outfile);
if (!curl_errno($obj)){
    echo 'return:'.$opt;
}else{
    echo 'curl error:'.curl_error($obj);

}
curl_close($obj);

===================================curl 往ftp上传文件===============================================

<?php
$obj=curl_init();
$fp=fopen('baidu.php','r');//文件句柄

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"ftp://de.gotoftp3.com/wwwroot/baidu.txt");
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_HEADER,0);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_TIMEOUT,300);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_USERPWD,"dele:r9xdguj");

//对文件设置 操作，上传的文件，文件的大小
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_UPLOAD,1);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_INFILE,$fp);
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_INFILESIZE,filesize('baidu.php'));

$opt=curl_exec($obj);
fclose($fp);
if (!curl_errno($obj)){
    echo 'success upload';
}else{
    echo 'curl error:'.curl_error($obj);
}
curl_close($obj);

==============================curl 下载https中的数据==============================================

<?php
$obj=curl_init();
date_default_timezone_set('PRC');

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_URL,"https://moco.imooc.com/captcha/script/captcha.min.js?v=1.0");
curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER,1);

curl_setopt($obj,CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER,0);
$opt=curl_exec($obj);
echo $opt;
curl_close($obj);