Selenium 学习笔记（Java版）（一）永远的HelloWorld

在pom文件中添加selenium依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>

本文使用Firefox和Chrome两种最常用的浏览器

代码执行的效果是打开浏览器，进入百度，自动输入hello Selenium然后搜索

（1）使用Firefox

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class HelloTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "D:\Program\\Selenium_Driver\\geckodriver.exe");
        System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "E:\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
        WebDriver dr =  new FirefoxDriver();
        dr.get("http://www.baidu.com");
        dr.findElement(By.id("kw")).sendKeys("hello Selenium");
        dr.findElement(By.id("su")).click();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

本文只介绍前几行，剩余部分在后续文章介绍

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "D:\Program\\Selenium_Driver\\geckodriver.exe");
System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin", "E:\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe");
WebDriver dr = new FirefoxDriver();

使用FirefoxDriver时，程序会去默认路径寻找firefox浏览器，大部分人可能都不是默认的，所以需要通过webdriver.firefox.bin设置系统变量，这时候直接运行会报如下错误

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.gecko.driver system property; for more information, see https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver. The latest version can be downloaded from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
	at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:738)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:124)
	at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService.access$100(GeckoDriverService.java:41)
	at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService$Builder.findDefaultExecutable(GeckoDriverService.java:115)
	at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder.build(DriverService.java:330)
	at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.toExecutor(FirefoxDriver.java:207)
	at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:108)
	at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:104)
	at com.mysite.selenium.HelloTest1.main(HelloTest1.java:11)

于是去下载geckodriver，然后设置路径到webdriver.gecko.driver即可（PS：看网上的说法，似乎设置到环境变量也可以，各位可以试一下）

（2）使用Chrome

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class HelloTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\Program\\Chrome_Driver\\chromedriver.exe");

        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");
        driver.findElement(By.id("kw")).sendKeys("hello Selenium");
        driver.findElement(By.id("su")).click();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //driver.quit();
    }
}

Chrome浏览器需要单独下载driver，地址在这里（需要梯子），然后设置系统变量webdriver.chrome.driver即可