一脸懵逼学习Nginx及其安装，Tomcat的安装

大家好，又见面了，我是全栈君。

1：Nginx的相关概念知识：

　　1.1：反向代理：

　　　　反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。

一脸懵逼学习Nginx及其安装，Tomcat的安装

　　1.2：负载均衡：

　　　　负载均衡，英文名称为Load Balance，是指建立在现有网络结构之上，并提供了一种廉价有效透明的方法扩展网络设备和服务器的带宽、增加吞吐量、加强网络数据处理能力、提高网络的灵活性和可用性。其原理就是数据流量分摊到多个服务器上执行，减轻每台服务器的压力，多台服务器共同完成工作任务，从而提高了数据的吞吐量。

2：Nginx的安装操作：

　Nginx的官网：http://nginx.org/

　　2.1：将下载好的Nginx上传到虚拟机上面，然后进行解压缩操作，上传过程省略，请自行脑补：

[root@master package]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

　　2.2：编译Ngnix源码目录：

　　　　进入Ngnix源码目录：[root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/

　　　　检查安装环境，并指定将来要安装的路径：

#缺包报错

checking for OS
+ Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686
checking for C compiler … found
+ using GNU C compiler
+ gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch … found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations … found
checking for C99 variadic macros … found
checking for gcc variadic macros … found
checking for unistd.h … found
checking for inttypes.h … found
checking for limits.h … found
checking for sys/filio.h … not found
checking for sys/param.h … found
checking for sys/mount.h … found
checking for sys/statvfs.h … found
checking for crypt.h … found
checking for Linux specific features
checking for epoll … found
checking for EPOLLRDHUP … found
checking for O_PATH … not found
checking for sendfile() … found
checking for sendfile64() … found
checking for sys/prctl.h … found
checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) … found
checking for sched_setaffinity() … found
checking for crypt_r() … found
checking for sys/vfs.h … found
checking for nobody group … found
checking for poll() … found
checking for /dev/poll … not found
checking for kqueue … not found
checking for crypt() … not found
checking for crypt() in libcrypt … found
checking for F_READAHEAD … not found
checking for posix_fadvise() … found
checking for O_DIRECT … found
checking for F_NOCACHE … not found
checking for directio() … not found
checking for statfs() … found
checking for statvfs() … found
checking for dlopen() … not found
checking for dlopen() in libdl … found
checking for sched_yield() … found
checking for SO_SETFIB … not found
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER … not found
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT … found
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE … found
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN … not found
checking for TCP_INFO … found
checking for accept4() … found
checking for eventfd() … found
checking for int size … 4 bytes
checking for long size … 4 bytes
checking for long long size … 8 bytes
checking for void * size … 4 bytes
checking for uint64_t … found
checking for sig_atomic_t … found
checking for sig_atomic_t size … 4 bytes
checking for socklen_t … found
checking for in_addr_t … found
checking for in_port_t … found
checking for rlim_t … found
checking for uintptr_t … uintptr_t found
checking for system byte ordering … little endian
checking for size_t size … 4 bytes
checking for off_t size … 8 bytes
checking for time_t size … 4 bytes
checking for setproctitle() … not found
checking for pread() … found
checking for pwrite() … found
checking for sys_nerr … found
checking for localtime_r() … found
checking for posix_memalign() … found
checking for memalign() … found
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) … found
checking for mmap(“/dev/zero”, MAP_SHARED) … found
checking for System V shared memory … found
checking for POSIX semaphores … not found
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread … found
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control … found
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) … found
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff … found
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen … not found
checking for struct dirent.d_type … found
checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) … found
checking for openat(), fstatat() … found
checking for getaddrinfo() … found
checking for PCRE library … not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/local/ … not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/include/pcre/ … not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/pkg/ … not found
checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ … not found

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using –without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using –with-pcre=<path> option.

　　　　然后安装一下缺少的包：

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

　　　　解决完错误以后再次执行，检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径：

　　　　[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx
checking for OS
+ Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686
checking for C compiler … found
+ using GNU C compiler
+ gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch … found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations … found
checking for C99 variadic macros … found
checking for gcc variadic macros … found
checking for unistd.h … found
checking for inttypes.h … found
checking for limits.h … found
checking for sys/filio.h … not found
checking for sys/param.h … found
checking for sys/mount.h … found
checking for sys/statvfs.h … found
checking for crypt.h … found
checking for Linux specific features
checking for epoll … found
checking for EPOLLRDHUP … found
checking for O_PATH … not found
checking for sendfile() … found
checking for sendfile64() … found
checking for sys/prctl.h … found
checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) … found
checking for sched_setaffinity() … found
checking for crypt_r() … found
checking for sys/vfs.h … found
checking for nobody group … found
checking for poll() … found
checking for /dev/poll … not found
checking for kqueue … not found
checking for crypt() … not found
checking for crypt() in libcrypt … found
checking for F_READAHEAD … not found
checking for posix_fadvise() … found
checking for O_DIRECT … found
checking for F_NOCACHE … not found
checking for directio() … not found
checking for statfs() … found
checking for statvfs() … found
checking for dlopen() … not found
checking for dlopen() in libdl … found
checking for sched_yield() … found
checking for SO_SETFIB … not found
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER … not found
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT … found
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE … found
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN … not found
checking for TCP_INFO … found
checking for accept4() … found
checking for eventfd() … found
checking for int size … 4 bytes
checking for long size … 4 bytes
checking for long long size … 8 bytes
checking for void * size … 4 bytes
checking for uint64_t … found
checking for sig_atomic_t … found
checking for sig_atomic_t size … 4 bytes
checking for socklen_t … found
checking for in_addr_t … found
checking for in_port_t … found
checking for rlim_t … found
checking for uintptr_t … uintptr_t found
checking for system byte ordering … little endian
checking for size_t size … 4 bytes
checking for off_t size … 8 bytes
checking for time_t size … 4 bytes
checking for setproctitle() … not found
checking for pread() … found
checking for pwrite() … found
checking for sys_nerr … found
checking for localtime_r() … found
checking for posix_memalign() … found
checking for memalign() … found
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) … found
checking for mmap(“/dev/zero”, MAP_SHARED) … found
checking for System V shared memory … found
checking for POSIX semaphores … not found
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread … found
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control … found
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) … found
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff … found
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen … not found
checking for struct dirent.d_type … found
checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) … found
checking for openat(), fstatat() … found
checking for getaddrinfo() … found
checking for PCRE library … found
checking for PCRE JIT support … not found
checking for md5 in system md library … not found
checking for md5 in system md5 library … not found
checking for md5 in system OpenSSL crypto library … found
checking for sha1 in system md library … not found
checking for sha1 in system OpenSSL crypto library … found
checking for zlib library … found
creating objs/Makefile

Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ OpenSSL library is not used
+ md5: using system crypto library
+ sha1: using system crypto library
+ using system zlib library

nginx path prefix: “/home/hadoop/nginx”
nginx binary file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx”
nginx configuration prefix: “/home/hadoop/nginx/conf”
nginx configuration file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf”
nginx pid file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/nginx.pid”
nginx error log file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/error.log”
nginx http access log file: “/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/access.log”
nginx http client request body temporary files: “client_body_temp”
nginx http proxy temporary files: “proxy_temp”
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: “fastcgi_temp”
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: “uwsgi_temp”
nginx http scgi temporary files: “scgi_temp”

　　2.3：编译安装（make是编译，make install是安装）：

[root@master hadoop]# make && make install安装不是一帆风顺的，开始将make && make install写成了make && made install，肯定没有安装成功了，然后我再执行make && make install就出现下面的情况了，然后我重新./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径，最后再make && made install，貌似正常编译，安装了，虽然我也不是很清楚，这里贴一下吧先，安装好以后可以测试是否正常：

[root@master hadoop]# make && make install
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# make install
make: *** No rule to make target `install’. Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# make && make install
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found. Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx
bash: ./configure: No such file or directory
[root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/
[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE Makefile man objs README src
[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure –prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

　　2.4：安装好以后测试是否正常：

　　　　安装好以后指定的目录会生成一些文件，如我的/home/hadoop/nginx目录下面：

　　　　启动Nginx的命令：[root@master sbin]# ./nginx

　　查看端口是否有ngnix进程监听：[root@master sbin]# netstat -ntlp | grep 80

3：配置Nginx：

　　3.1：配置反向代理：

修改Nginx配置文件：

[root@master conf]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/

[root@master conf]# vim nginx.conf

  server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  master; #nginx所在服务器的主机名称

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #反向代理的配置
        location / { #拦截所有请求
            root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
            #这里是代理走向的目标服务器:tomcat
            proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;
        }

具体配置如下所示：

下面贴图这句话后面proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;

少了一个分号导致后面启动nginx的时候出现错误：

自己都操点心就可以了：

[root@master sbin]# ./nginx
nginx: [emerg] unexpected “}” in /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:48

4：安装Tomcat，将下载好的tomcat安装包上传到虚拟机，过程省略，然后解压缩操作：

[root@slaver1 package]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

解压缩好以后启动Tomcat：

然后没启动起来，貌似说我的jdk没有配置啥的，现在配置一下，配置过程省略，大概如上传压缩包，解压缩，然后配置环境变量：

vim /etc/profile配置好以后使其立即生效：source /etc/profile，最后检查一下是否安装成功：java/javac/java -version

然后启动tomcat，如下所示：

启动好，可以检查一下是否启动成功：

浏览器输入自己的http://192.168.199.131:8080/

如果无法访问，可能是防火墙的原因：service iptables stop关闭防火墙；service iptables status查看防火墙是否关闭成功；

5：现在体现Nginx的功能了，我在master节点安装的Nginx，然后在slaver1节点安装的tomcat：

然后访问master节点，会跳转到slaver1的tomcat页面：

http://192.168.199.130/自己的master节点的名称；

6：Nginx的动静分离：

动态资源 index.jsp

location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action)$ {

    proxy_pass http://ip地址:8080;

}

静态资源:

location ~ .*\.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ {

    expires 3d;

}

负载均衡：

在http这个节下面配置一个叫upstream的，后面的名字可以随意取，但是要和location下的proxy_pass http://后的保持一致。

http {

    是在http里面的, 已有http, 不是在server里,在server外面

    upstream tomcats {

        server 192.168.199.130:8080 weight=1;#weight表示多少个

        server 192.168.199.131:8080 weight=1;

        server 192.168.199.132:8080 weight=1;

}

#卸载server里

#~代表是大小写敏感，.代表是任何非回车字符，*代表多个。

location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action) {

    proxy_pass http://tomcats;        #tomcats是后面的tomcat服务器组的逻辑组号

}

}

待续……

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一脸懵逼学习Nginx及其安装，Tomcat的安装

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