python常用库安装

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python的安装库就相当于java的lib包，下面我们把想用的安装包先安装好。

 

打开cmd命令：

依次输入python：

>>> import urllib
>>> import urllib.request

访问下百度试试：

>>> urllib.request.urlopen(‘http://www.baidu.com’)

返回：<http.client.HTTPResponse object at 0x00000000030CCA20>

没有报错就说明urllib库没问题。

---

下面安装request库：

重新打开一个cmd,输入命令：pip3 install requests;

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install requests;
Collecting requests
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7d/e3/20f3d364d6c8e5d23
72a67778eb189176f08e873c9900e10c0287b84b/requests-2.21.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
7kB)
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    100% |████████████████████████████████| 6
 8.8kB/s
Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests)

出现如上图所示，说明正在下载。

下载完成后，如下验证：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import requests;
>>> requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
<Response [200]>
>>>

说明requests库已经正确安装了。

---

下面安装selenium库

这是用来驱动浏览器的库。

>>> import selenium
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'selenium'

在python下输入上面命令报错说明还没有安装selenium.

下面安装：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install selenium
Collecting selenium
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/80/d6/4294f0b4bce4de0a
e17190289f9d0613b0a44e5dd6a7f5ca98459853/selenium-3.141.0-py2.py3-none-any.w
904kB)
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下载完成后，验证如下：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD6
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import selenium;
>>>

没有报错，说明安装成功。

---

下面安装chromedriver，用来在python命令启动chrome。

下载地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/2.28/

下载win32.

然后解压把chromedriver程序分别放到python安装目录的D:\python3.6.1\Scripts和D:\python3.6.1目录下。

然后重启一个cmd命令窗口。

输入以下命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver -webdriver.Chrome()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
NameError: name 'driver' is not defined
>>> driver = webdriver.Chrome()

DevTools listening on ws://127.0.0.1:12028/devtools/browser/24cccafd-54
357-ba79ae14af6a

并且能弹出chrome浏览器，如下：

接着输入：

>>> driver.get(‘http://www.baidu.com’)

>>> driver.page_source  可以打开源代码。

 

在刚才打开的chrome浏览器中可以看到百度的网页。

说明OK。如果有报错可能会下载的chromedriver版本跟chrome流量器的版本不兼容，这就需要百度一下下了。

 

---

安装phantomjs库

这是个无界面浏览器。

下载phantomjs:  下载地址：http://phantomjs.org/download.html

下载完成后解压，进入到bin目录下，复制目录，配置环境变量。

然后启动cmd窗口，输入以下命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>phantomjs
phantomjs> console.log('hello world')
hello world
undefined
phantomjs>

安装成功。

接着执行下面命令：

>>> from selenium import webdriver
>>> driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
>>> driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
>>>

不会报错而且也不会弹出浏览器。

---

lxml库安装

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install lxml
Collecting lxml

如上下载lxml。

验证：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (A
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import lxml
>>>

---

beautifulsoup库安装

它依赖于lxml。

安装：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install beautifulsoup
Collecting beautifulsoup4
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/pack
4883f5d23b130bc237602a1411fa670eae12351e/beautifu
94kB)
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B 41kB/s
Collecting soupsieve>=1.2 (from beautifulsoup4)

验证：

>>> from bs4  import BeautifulSoup
>>> soup =BeautifulSoup('<html></html>','lxml')
>>>

---

puquery 安装

它也是个网页解析库，跟jquery是一样的功能

安装命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install pyquery
Collecting pyquery
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/c7/ce8c9c37ab8ff833
d3335c088d60bed4a35a4bed33a64f0e64fbcf29/pyquery-1.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: lxml>=2.1 in d:\python3.6.1\lib\site-packages
om pyquery)
Collecting cssselect>0.7.9 (from pyquery)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7b/44/25b7283e50585f0b
960691d951b05d061abf4a714078393e51929b30/cssselect-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.wh
Installing collected packages: cssselect, pyquery
Successfully installed cssselect-1.0.3 pyquery-1.4.0
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip'

验证命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (A
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from puquery import PyQuqery as pq
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'puquery'
>>> from pyquery import PyQuqery as pq
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: cannot import name 'PyQuqery'
>>> from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
>>> doc = pq('<html></html/>')
>>> doc =pq('<html>Hello</html>')
>>> result =doc('html').test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'PyQuery' object has no attribute 'test'
>>> result =doc('html').text()
>>> result
'Hello'
>>>

---

pymysql安装

它是个存储库，操作mysql

安装：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install pymysql
Collecting pymysql
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa
968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47k
B)
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 25kB/s
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.0.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'python -m pip install --upgrade pip' comm
and.

验证，这里我们先打开mysql-front，如下：

这里我有一个mysql数据库，并有个content表，里面有3条数据。

这里通过用python链接mysql并获取到这三条数据为例来验证安装的成功性：

命令如下：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pymysql
>>> conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='root', port=
3306, db='mysql')
>>> cursor = conn.cursor()
>>> cursor.execute('select * from content')
3
>>> cursor.fetchone()
(1, '23')
>>> cursor.fetchall()
((2, '34'), (3, 'we'))

 

---

pymongo安装：

操作mongodb数据库

安装命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install pymongo
Collecting pymongo
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/25/44b0fc81668a883739b1
08d9bd0c95b24f0b0204cb2dc93e0f259e173670/pymongo-3.7.2-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
(315kB)
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验证：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pymongo
>>> client=  pymongo.MongoClient('localhost')  --链接mongo
>>> db = client['newtestdb']  --创建库
>>> db['table'].insert({'name':'Bob'})   --创建表并插入数据
ObjectId('5c51c411b1c06f1430edf124')
>>> db['table'].find_one({'name':'Boe'})
>>> db['table'].find_one({'name':'Bob'})
{'_id': ObjectId('5c51c411b1c06f1430edf124'), 'name': 'Bob'}
>>>

---

redis库安装：

安装命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install redis
Collecting redis
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f1/19/a0282b77c23f9f9dbcc6
480787a60807c78a45947593a02dbf026636c90d/redis-3.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63kB)

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0:00:01

验证命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5, Mar 21 2017, 18:41:36) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
 on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import redis
>>> r =redis.Redis('localhost',6379)
>>> r.set('name','BOB')
True
>>> r.get('name')
b'BOB'
>>>

---

flask库安装

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install flask
Collecting flask
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7f/e
14dacb4696386634607af824ea997202cd0edb4b/Flask-1.0.2-py2.p

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 30kB/s

---

django库安装

安装命令：

C:\Users\Administrator>pip3 install django
Collecting django
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/5
e0278c0eb71650ed9672cdc91bd5542953bec17f/Django-2.1.5-py3-
    3% |█                               | 245kB 11kB/s et

---

jupyter库安装

它类似于一个记事本的功能。

>>> pip3 install jupyter

验证：

C:\Users\Administrator>jupyter notebook
[I 00:19:41.604 NotebookApp] Writing notebook server coo
dministrator\AppData\Roaming\jupyter\runtime\notebook_co
[I 00:19:42.635 NotebookApp] Serving notebooks from loca
ministrator
[I 00:19:42.635 NotebookApp] The Jupyter Notebook is run
[I 00:19:42.636 NotebookApp] http://localhost:8888/?toke
a423c0d428289e2c0adb8b4b85
[I 00:19:42.636 NotebookApp] Use Control-C to stop this
 kernels (twice to skip confirmation).
[C 00:19:42.660 NotebookApp]

    To access the notebook, open this file in a browser:
        file:///C:/Users/Administrator/AppData/Roaming/j
8480-open.html
    Or copy and paste one of these URLs:
        http://localhost:8888/?token=fa4befadec8ba227eb8
b4b85

同时会在浏览器上出现如下页面：

 

接着新建python3的一个文件：

然后

按b键又可弹出一个命令窗口，在线编辑：

打印百度网页源码：