Hyperledger Fabric初识与环境搭建

Fabric简介
Fabric环境搭建
Fabric目录结构
Node环境搭建

一.Fabric 简介

在介绍我们的主角Fabric之前，我们先来介绍一下它的父项目:Hyperledger-超级账本

Hyperledger 项目是首个面向企业的开放区块链技术的重要探索。在 Linux 基金会的支持下，吸引了包括 IBM、Intel、摩根等在内的众多科技和金融巨头的参与。

1.发展历史

区块链已经成为当下最受人关注的开源技术，有人说它将颠覆金融行业的未来。然而对很多人来说，区块链技术难以理解和实现，而且缺乏统一的规范。

2015 年 12 月，开源世界的旗舰——Linux 基金会牵头，联合 30 家初始企业成员（包括 IBM、Accenture、Intel、J.P.Morgan、R3、DAH、DTCC、FUJITSU、HITACHI、SWIFT、Cisco 等），共同宣告了 Hyperledger 项目的成立。该项目试图打造一个透明、公开、去中心化的分布式账本项目，作为区块链技术的开源规范和标准，让更多的应用能更容易的建立在区块链技术之上。项目官方信息网站在 hyperledger.org，

目前已经有超过 120 家全球知名企业和机构（大部分均为各自行业的领导者）宣布加入 Hyperledger 项目，其中包括 30 家来自中国本土的企业，包括艾亿新融旗下的艾亿数融科技公司（2016.05.19）、Onchain（2016.06.22）、比邻共赢（Belink）信息技术有限公司（2016.06.22）、BitSE（2016.06.22）、布比（2016.07.27）、三一重工（2016.08.30）、万达金融（2016.09.08）、华为（2016.10.24）等。

如果说以比特币为代表的货币区块链技术为 1.0，以以太坊为代表的合同区块链技术为 2.0，那么实现了完备的权限控制和安全保障的 Hyperledger 项目毫无疑问代表着 3.0 时代的到来。

IBM 贡献了数万行已有的 Open Blockchain 代码，Digital Asset 则贡献了企业和开发者相关资源，R3 贡献了新的金融交易架构，Intel 也刚贡献了跟分布式账本相关的代码。

Hyperledger 社区由技术委员会（Technical Steering Committee，TSC）指导，首任主席由来自 IBM 开源技术部 CTO 的 Chris Ferris 担任，管理组主席则由来自 Digital Asset Holdings 的 CEO Blythe Masters 担任。另外，自 2016 年 5 月起，Apache 基金会创始人 Brian Behlendorf 担任超级账本项目的首位执行董事。2016 年 12 月，中国技术工作组正式成立，负责本土社区组织和技术引导工作。官方网站也提供了十分详细的组织结构信息。

该项目的出现，实际上宣布区块链技术已经不再是仅面向“社会实验”性质的应用场景，它已经正式被主流机构和企业市场认可；同时，Hyperledger 首次提出和实现的完备权限管理、创新的一致性算法和可拔插、可扩展的框架，对于区块链相关技术和产业的发展都将产生深远的影响。

2.项目组成

目前主要包括三大账本平台项目和若干其它项目。

账本平台项目：

**Fabric：包括 Fabric、Fabric CA、Fabric SDK（包括 Node.Js、Python 和 Java 等语言）和 fabric-api、fabric-sdk-node、fabric-sdk-py 等，目标是区块链的基础核心平台，支持 pbft 等新的 consensus 机制，支持权限管理，最早由 IBM 和 DAH 发起；https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric
SawToothLake：包括 arcade、core、dev-tools、validator、mktplace 等。是 Intel 主要发起和贡献的区块链平台，支持全新的基于硬件芯片的共识机制 Proof of Elapsed Time（PoET）。
Iroha：账本平台项目，基于 C++ 实现，带有不少面向 Web 和 Mobile 的特性，主要由 Soramitsu 发起和贡献。

其它项目：

Blockchain Explorer：提供 Web 操作界面，通过界面快速查看查询绑定区块链的状态（区块个数、交易历史）信息等。
Cello：提供”Blockchain as a Service” 功能，使用 Cello，管理员可以轻松获取和管理多条区块链；应用开发者可以无需关心如何搭建和维护区块链。

项目约定共同遵守的基本原则为：

重视模块化设计，包括交易、合同、一致性、身份、存储等技术场景；
代码可读性，保障新功能和模块都可以很容易添加和扩展；
演化路线，随着需求的深入和更多的应用场景，不断增加和演化新的项目。

3.联盟链VS公链

公链：

针对所有用户

激励机制->代币

联盟链

针对特定的组织用户

没有激励机制

应用程序

数据共享

每一个行业都可以组成一个联盟

二.Fabric环境搭建

1.安装环境

推荐在 Linux（如 Ubuntu 16.04+）或 MacOS 环境中开发代码，并安装如下工具。

git：用来获取代码。

vim: 用来进行文本编辑

curl: 部署脚本中会使用curl命令

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install git vim curl -y

Docker 1.12+：用来支持容器环境，注意 MacOS 下要用 Docker for Mac。

$ sudo apt install docker.io docker-compose -y

golang 1.10+安装成功后需要配置 $GOPATH 等环境变量。

Fabric1.1.0版本要求Go1.9+
Fabric1.0.0版本要求Go1.7+

$ tar -zxvf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

2.配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

添加如下内容

export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/go
export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$PATH

让配置生效

$ source /etc/profile
$ go version

3.下载源码和镜像

3.1 创建存放目录

$ mkdir hyfa ;cd hyfa

3.2 下载源码与镜像

https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/blob/master/scripts/bootstrap.sh

bootstrap.sh 脚本内容，默认版本为最新的版本:1.2.0

如果需要下载不同的版本号，$1=指定版本号即可，如./bootstrap.sh 1.1.0

#!/bin/bash
#
# Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

# if version not passed in, default to latest released version
export VERSION=1.2.0
# if ca version not passed in, default to latest released version
export CA_VERSION=$VERSION
# current version of thirdparty images (couchdb, kafka and zookeeper) released
export THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=0.4.10
export ARCH=$(echo "$(uname -s|tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'|sed 's/mingw64_nt.*/windows/')-$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/amd64/g')")
export MARCH=$(uname -m)

printHelp() {
  echo "Usage: bootstrap.sh [<version>] [<ca_version>] [<thirdparty_version>][-d -s -b]"
  echo
  echo "-d - bypass docker image download"
  echo "-s - bypass fabric-samples repo clone"
  echo "-b - bypass download of platform-specific binaries"
  echo
  echo "e.g. bootstrap.sh 1.2.0 -s"
  echo "would download docker images and binaries for version 1.2.0"
}

dockerFabricPull() {
  local FABRIC_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in peer orderer ccenv tools; do
      echo "==> FABRIC IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$FABRIC_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerThirdPartyImagesPull() {
  local THIRDPARTY_TAG=$1
  for IMAGES in couchdb kafka zookeeper; do
      echo "==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: $IMAGES"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES:$THIRDPARTY_TAG hyperledger/fabric-$IMAGES
  done
}

dockerCaPull() {
      local CA_TAG=$1
      echo "==> FABRIC CA IMAGE"
      echo
      docker pull hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG
      docker tag hyperledger/fabric-ca:$CA_TAG hyperledger/fabric-ca
}

samplesInstall() {
  # clone (if needed) hyperledger/fabric-samples and checkout corresponding
  # version to the binaries and docker images to be downloaded
  if [ -d first-network ]; then
    # if we are in the fabric-samples repo, checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    git checkout v${VERSION}
  elif [ -d fabric-samples ]; then
    # if fabric-samples repo already cloned and in current directory,
    # cd fabric-samples and checkout corresponding version
    echo "===> Checking out v${VERSION} branch of hyperledger/fabric-samples"
    cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  else
    echo "===> Cloning hyperledger/fabric-samples repo and checkout v${VERSION}"
    git clone -b master https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git && cd fabric-samples && git checkout v${VERSION}
  fi
}

# Incrementally downloads the .tar.gz file locally first, only decompressing it
# after the download is complete. This is slower than binaryDownload() but
# allows the download to be resumed.
binaryIncrementalDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      curl -f -s -C - ${URL} -o ${BINARY_FILE} || rc=$?
      # Due to limitations in the current Nexus repo:
      # curl returns 33 when there's a resume attempt with no more bytes to download
      # curl returns 2 after finishing a resumed download
      # with -f curl returns 22 on a 404
      if [ "$rc" = 22 ]; then
      # looks like the requested file doesn't actually exist so stop here
      return 22
      fi
      if [ -z "$rc" ] || [ $rc -eq 33 ] || [ $rc -eq 2 ]; then
          # The checksum validates that RC 33 or 2 are not real failures
          echo "==> File downloaded. Verifying the md5sum..."
          localMd5sum=$(md5sum ${BINARY_FILE} | awk '{print $1}')
          remoteMd5sum=$(curl -s ${URL}.md5)
          if [ "$localMd5sum" == "$remoteMd5sum" ]; then
              echo "==> Extracting ${BINARY_FILE}..."
              tar xzf ./${BINARY_FILE} --overwrite
          echo "==> Done."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
          else
              echo "Download failed: the local md5sum is different from the remote md5sum. Please try again."
              rm -f ${BINARY_FILE} ${BINARY_FILE}.md5
              exit 1
          fi
      else
          echo "Failure downloading binaries (curl RC=$rc). Please try again and the download will resume from where it stopped."
          exit 1
      fi
}

# This will attempt to download the .tar.gz all at once, but will trigger the
# binaryIncrementalDownload() function upon a failure, allowing for resume
# if there are network failures.
binaryDownload() {
      local BINARY_FILE=$1
      local URL=$2
      echo "===> Downloading: " ${URL}
      # Check if a previous failure occurred and the file was partially downloaded
      if [ -e ${BINARY_FILE} ]; then
          echo "==> Partial binary file found. Resuming download..."
          binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
      else
          curl ${URL} | tar xz || rc=$?
          if [ ! -z "$rc" ]; then
              echo "==> There was an error downloading the binary file. Switching to incremental download."
              echo "==> Downloading file..."
              binaryIncrementalDownload ${BINARY_FILE} ${URL}
      else
          echo "==> Done."
          fi
      fi
}

binariesInstall() {
  echo "===> Downloading version ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binaries"
  binaryDownload ${BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/${ARCH}-${VERSION}/${BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${FABRIC_TAG} platform specific fabric binary is not available to download <----"
     echo
   fi

  echo "===> Downloading version ${CA_TAG} platform specific fabric-ca-client binary"
  binaryDownload ${CA_BINARY_FILE} https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}/${CA_BINARY_FILE}
  if [ $? -eq 22 ]; then
     echo
     echo "------> ${CA_TAG} fabric-ca-client binary is not available to download  (Available from 1.1.0-rc1) <----"
     echo
   fi
}

dockerInstall() {
  which docker >& /dev/null
  NODOCKER=$?
  if [ "${NODOCKER}" == 0 ]; then
      echo "===> Pulling fabric Images"
      dockerFabricPull ${FABRIC_TAG}
      echo "===> Pulling fabric ca Image"
      dockerCaPull ${CA_TAG}
      echo "===> Pulling thirdparty docker images"
      dockerThirdPartyImagesPull ${THIRDPARTY_TAG}
      echo
      echo "===> List out hyperledger docker images"
      docker images | grep hyperledger*
  else
    echo "========================================================="
    echo "Docker not installed, bypassing download of Fabric images"
    echo "========================================================="
  fi
}

DOCKER=true
SAMPLES=true
BINARIES=true

# Parse commandline args pull out
# version and/or ca-version strings first
if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
  VERSION=$1;shift
  if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
    CA_VERSION=$1;shift
    if [ ! -z $1 ]; then
      THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION=$1;shift
    fi
  fi
fi

# prior to 1.2.0 architecture was determined by uname -m
if [[ $VERSION =~ ^1\.[0-1]\.* ]]; then
  export FABRIC_TAG=${MARCH}-${VERSION}
  export CA_TAG=${MARCH}-${CA_VERSION}
  export THIRDPARTY_TAG=${MARCH}-${THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION}
else
  # starting with 1.2.0, multi-arch images will be default
  : ${CA_TAG:="$CA_VERSION"}
  : ${FABRIC_TAG:="$VERSION"}
  : ${THIRDPARTY_TAG:="$THIRDPARTY_IMAGE_VERSION"}
fi

BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-${ARCH}-${VERSION}.tar.gz
CA_BINARY_FILE=hyperledger-fabric-ca-${ARCH}-${CA_VERSION}.tar.gz

# then parse opts
while getopts "h?dsb" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    h|\?)
      printHelp
      exit 0
    ;;
    d)  DOCKER=false
    ;;
    s)  SAMPLES=false
    ;;
    b)  BINARIES=false
    ;;
  esac
done

if [ "$SAMPLES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing hyperledger/fabric-samples repo"
  echo
  samplesInstall
fi
if [ "$BINARIES" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric binaries"
  echo
  binariesInstall
fi
if [ "$DOCKER" == "true" ]; then
  echo
  echo "Installing Hyperledger Fabric docker images"
  echo
  dockerInstall
fi

3.3 执行脚本

$chmod +x bootstrap.sh   ; ./bootstrap.sh

(1) 下载源码包

下载fabric压缩包

===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric binaries
===> Downloading: https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric/linux-amd64-1.2.0/hyperledger-fabric-linux-amd64-1.2.0.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 39.0M 100 39.0M 0 0 482k 0 0:01:22 0:01:22 –:–:– 450k
==> Done.
下载fabric-ca-client压缩包

===> Downloading version 1.2.0 platform specific fabric-ca-client binary
===> Downloading: https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca/linux-amd64-1.2.0/hyperledger-fabric-ca-linux-amd64-1.2.0.tar.gz
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 4940k 100 4940k 0 0 435k 0 0:00:11 0:00:11 –:–:– 538k
==> Done.

(2)下载Fabric核心模块镜像

peer ：fabric环境中的peer容器, 主要用来背书, 记账
peer模块是主节点模块，负责存储区块链数据，运行维护链码

==> FABRIC IMAGE: peer

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-peer
b234f539f7a1: Pull complete
55172d420b43: Pull complete
5ba5bbeb6b91: Pull complete
43ae2841ad7a: Pull complete
f6c9c6de4190: Pull complete
c6af77e36488: Pull complete
964f7f4f22f3: Pull complete
d4a3f4cfba3d: Pull complete
73782018d902: Pull complete
039eb34e730e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:949b38bad9496d7694b54d30b90b72653804d761a44d721c4dc7a16a5cbcabe8
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-peer:1.2.0
order：主要用于对交易排序且生成区块

orderer模块负责对交易进行排序，并将排序好的交易打包成区块。

==> FABRIC IMAGE: orderer

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-orderer
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
d4a3f4cfba3d: Already exists 
8d0e11f5a0f7: Pull complete 
0bda0f004d88: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1a8cbe6abef245432730035d08ea1d1aa54a50717136fa3be58f8af4570ad57e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-orderer:1.2.0

ccenv：针对Go语言的容器

==> FABRIC IMAGE: ccenv

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ccenv
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Pull complete
e03b35c19d96: Pull complete
96c2920985e3: Pull complete
e91461be8304: Pull complete
950c3368692b: Pull complete
c5de8d20c137: Pull complete
5536b64bc67b: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0a7fb37111cafce79cf89ca8d1af5ca6f721e60a8bd1b2b93521e671e3348af2
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ccenv:1.2.0
tools：fabric环境中的工具容器, 主要用来测试客户端

==> FABRIC IMAGE: tools

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-tools
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
314928def9dd: Pull complete
d5b68ae13f8d: Pull complete
dde25187799d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:284f997b33d6745b52d378f8c7ba1a208b8c13633f3ef63e68377b1986077cb6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-tools:1.2.0

(3)下载Fabric的CA镜像

Fabric环境中的CA容器(fabric-ca: 用于认证, 根据配置文件中指定的路径检查当前用户是否合法)

===> Pulling fabric ca Image
==> FABRIC CA IMAGE

1.2.0: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-ca
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
f7a6370a6f7f: Pull complete 
37cc94e973b2: Pull complete 
a80e45d2f608: Pull complete 
8feb19f73d3a: Pull complete 
5f3ea048e0c0: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0a6f8b3af8537fa725dc40d09565c77b1b284f848f653c32cb4125b3134a8726
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-ca:1.2.0

(4) 下载第三方镜像

couchdb：是一个可选DB，可选, 可将Fabric中默认的DB替代为couchDB
Apache CouchDB是一个开源数据库，它是一个使用JSON作为存储格式，JavaScript作为查询语言，MapReduce和HTTP作为API的NoSQL数据库。

===> Pulling thirdparty docker images
==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: couchdb

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-couchdb
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
6a752ce8f7fe: Pull complete
a49e2cb854b0: Pull complete
493b25e70e6d: Pull complete
2721753a3e7c: Pull complete
adede0f2a5f1: Pull complete
9eb593f76305: Pull complete
bb49a3450e11: Pull complete
929b9bb5d788: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d7eb3fd24acafaeaaae94a44659409270b89bd599d017cf9d5b75d8f21438b51
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-couchdb:0.4.10
kafka ：
Kafka是一个消息系统，原本开发自LinkedIn，用作LinkedIn的活动流（Activity Stream）和运营数据处理管道（Pipeline）的基础。现在它已被多家不同类型的公司作为多种类型的数据管道和消息系统使用。

==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: kafka

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-kafka
b234f539f7a1: Already exists
55172d420b43: Already exists
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists
c6af77e36488: Already exists
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists
13cd31405e09: Already exists
e03b35c19d96: Already exists
96c2920985e3: Already exists
e91461be8304: Already exists
146aa6695f33: Pull complete
954e41d8cd46: Pull complete
9d750070047f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7c07db5b38ca3259528b3e53691ecd273e44d1521218aa8f3a5dc34ab6947ff5
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-kafka:0.4.10
zookeeper：主要用来作共识，在开发测试环境下可选, 一般在开发测试环境下为单点模式

ZooKeeper曾是Hadoop的正式子项目，后发展成为Apache顶级项目，与Hadoop密切相关但却没有任何依赖。它是一个针对大型应用提供高可用的数据管理、应用程序协调服务的分布式服务框架，基于对Paxos算法的实现，使该框架保证了分布式环境中数据的强一致性，提供的功能包括：配置维护、统一命名服务、状态同步服务、集群管理等。

==> THIRDPARTY DOCKER IMAGE: zookeeper

0.4.10: Pulling from hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper
b234f539f7a1: Already exists 
55172d420b43: Already exists 
5ba5bbeb6b91: Already exists 
43ae2841ad7a: Already exists 
f6c9c6de4190: Already exists 
c6af77e36488: Already exists 
964f7f4f22f3: Already exists 
13cd31405e09: Already exists 
e03b35c19d96: Already exists 
96c2920985e3: Already exists 
e91461be8304: Already exists 
c335e6e59168: Pull complete 
016e000b0cc8: Pull complete 
e716b0c9790c: Pull complete 
390f47e71470: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:151fe67421663fe860c1aba4b80877a22b6b8fa18cbc97990c309c603cd6f5f1
Status: Downloaded newer image for hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper:0.4.10

3.4 脚本执行结果

(1) 源码包文件结构

bruce@ubuntu:~$ls hyfa/fabric-samples/ -l

返回结果

total 76
drwxrwxr-x 5 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 balance-transfer
drwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 basic-network
drwxrwxr-x 2  1001  1001  4096 Jul  3 13:41 bin
drwxrwxr-x 8 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincode
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 chaincode-docker-devmode
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   597 Jul 10 00:59 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
drwxrwxr-x 2  1001  1001  4096 Jul  3 12:04 config
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   961 Jul 10 00:59 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxrwxr-x 2 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabcar
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 fabric-ca
drwxrwxr-x 6 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 first-network
drwxrwxr-x 4 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 high-throughput
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce  3095 Jul 10 00:59 Jenkinsfile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce 11358 Jul 10 00:59 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce   470 Jul 10 00:59 MAINTAINERS.md
-rw-rw-r-- 1 bruce bruce  1229 Jul 10 00:59 README.md
drwxrwxr-x 3 bruce bruce  4096 Jul 10 00:59 scripts

(2) 查看docker镜像

bruce@ubuntu:~$ sudo docker images

返回结果

REPOSITORY                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hyperledger/fabric-ca          1.2.0               66cc132bd09c        6 days ago          252MB
hyperledger/fabric-ca          latest              66cc132bd09c        6 days ago          252MB
hyperledger/fabric-tools       1.2.0               379602873003        6 days ago          1.51GB
hyperledger/fabric-tools       latest              379602873003        6 days ago          1.51GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv       1.2.0               6acf31e2d9a4        6 days ago          1.43GB
hyperledger/fabric-ccenv       latest              6acf31e2d9a4        6 days ago          1.43GB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer     1.2.0               4baf7789a8ec        6 days ago          152MB
hyperledger/fabric-orderer     latest              4baf7789a8ec        6 days ago          152MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer        1.2.0               82c262e65984        6 days ago          159MB
hyperledger/fabric-peer        latest              82c262e65984        6 days ago          159MB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper   0.4.10              2b51158f3898        11 days ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-zookeeper   latest              2b51158f3898        11 days ago         1.44GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka       0.4.10              936aef6db0e6        11 days ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-kafka       latest              936aef6db0e6        11 days ago         1.45GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb     0.4.10              3092eca241fc        11 days ago         1.61GB
hyperledger/fabric-couchdb     latest              3092eca241fc        11 days ago         1.61GB

4.再次配置环境变量

为fabric的相关命令配置环境变量

$ sudo vim /etc/profile

添加如下内容：

FabricSampleDir="/home/bruce/hyfa/fabric-samples"
export PATH=${FabricSampleDir}/bin:$PATH

让配置生效

$ source /etc/profile

三.Fabric目录结构

1.三大核心工具

fabric-samples/bin/cryptogen
        cryptogen: 根据指定的配置文件,生成组织结构及×××书的工具

fabric-samples/bin/configtxgen
        configtxgen: 主要生成三种配置文件
            1. 生成Orderer初始区块
            2. 生成应用通道交易配置文件
            3. 锚节点更新配置文件
                锚节点: 数据交换
fabric-samples/bin/configtxlator
        configtxlator: 用来在正在运行的网络联盟链中添加一个新的组织

2.关键目录

chaincode/
        Fabric示例链码所在目录
chaincode-docker-devmode/
        开启开发测试模式
        在开发测试模式下链码的存放目录
config/
        关于orderer及peer配置信息的文件存放目录
        configtx.yaml: 生成初始区块及应用通道交易配置文件的参考
        core.yaml: peer配置信息的参考
        orderer.yaml: orderer配置信息的参考
fabcar/
        测试Node环境的所在目录
        有一个小汽车的应用示例
fabric-ca/
        fabric基础环境提供的一个简单fabric-ca
first-network/
        与Fabric网络相关的所有内容

3.其他概念

联盟:
    org1:
        peer0.org1.example.com
        peer1.org1.example.com

    org2:
        peer0.org2.example.com
        peer1.org2.example.com
应用通道:
    用于隔离不同联盟之间交易

Peer节点角色:
    1. 背书节点
        -- 在fabric中只能部分节点是背书节点
    2. 记账节点(commiter)
        -- 在fabric中所有的Peer节点都是记账节点
    3. 锚节点
        -- 通过配置文件指定
        -- 作用: 用于跨组织交换数据

背书: 在fabric中, 就是签名的概念

四.Node环境搭建

后期我们需要使用Fabric SDK做应用程序的开发，官方虽然提供了Node.JS，Java，Go，Python等多种语言的SDK，但是由于整个Fabric太新了，很多SDK还不成熟和完善，所以一般采用Node JS的SDK，毕竟这个是功能毕竟齐全，而且也是官方示例的时候使用的SDK。

1.安装nvm

由于Node版本的迭代速度很快，版本很多，不同项目对node的依赖不同，故需要切换不同node版本目前有n和nvm这两个工具可以对Node进行平滑升级，n 命令是作为一个 node 的模块而存在，而 nvm 是一个独立于 node/npm 的外部 shell 脚本，因此 nvm 命令相比 n更加全面，n更有局限性。

nvm 是 node 管理工具，有点类似管理 Ruby 的 rvm，如果是需要管理 Windows 下的 node，官方推荐是使用 nvmw 或 nvm-windows 。

$ sudo apt update
$ curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.33.10/install.sh | bash

$ export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
$ [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"

2.安装Node与npm

NPM是随同NodeJS一起安装的包管理工具，能解决NodeJS代码部署上的很多问题，常见的使用场景有以下几种：